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Machine learning models in trusted research environments - Understanding operational risks (2023)
Journal Article
Ritchie, F., Tilbrook, A., Cole, C., Jefferson, E., Krueger, S., Mansouri-Benssassi, E., …Smith, J. (2023). Machine learning models in trusted research environments - Understanding operational risks. International Journal of Population Data Science, 8(1), Article 2165. https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v8i1.2165

IntroductionTrusted research environments (TREs) provide secure access to very sensitive data for research. All TREs operate manual checks on outputs to ensure there is no residual disclosure risk. Machine learning (ML) models require very large amou... Read More about Machine learning models in trusted research environments - Understanding operational risks.

NanoBiT‐ and NanoBiT/BRET‐based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt‐3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model (2023)
Journal Article
Grätz, L., Sajkowska-Kozielewicz, J. J., Wesslowski, J., Kinsolving, J., Bridge, L. J., Petzold, K., …Kozielewicz, P. (in press). NanoBiT‐ and NanoBiT/BRET‐based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt‐3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model. British Journal of Pharmacology, https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16090

Background and Purpose: Wnt binding to Frizzleds (FZD) is a crucial step that leads to the initiation of signalling cascades governing multiple processes during embryonic development, stem cell regulation and adult tissue homeostasis. Recent efforts... Read More about NanoBiT‐ and NanoBiT/BRET‐based assays allow the analysis of binding kinetics of Wnt‐3a to endogenous Frizzled 7 in a colorectal cancer model.

Correct for the wrong reason: Why we should know more about mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions (2023)
Journal Article
Sikurajapathi, B., Henderson, K., & Gwynllyw, R. (2023). Correct for the wrong reason: Why we should know more about mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions. MSOR Connections, 21(Special Issue: CETL-MSOR Conference 2022 Part 1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.21100/msor.v21i1

Students may arrive at an incorrect answer when answering a mathematical question due to several reasons, such as random errors, calculation errors or misreading the question. Such errors are sometimes referred to as Common Student Errors (CSEs). Thi... Read More about Correct for the wrong reason: Why we should know more about mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions.

Solvability of superlinear fractional parabolic equations (2022)
Journal Article
Fujishima, Y., Hisa, K., Ishige, K., & Laister, R. (2023). Solvability of superlinear fractional parabolic equations. Journal of Evolution Equations, 23(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-022-00853-z

We study necessary conditions and sufficient conditions for the existence of local-in-time solutions of the Cauchy problem for superlinear fractional parabolic equations. Our conditions are sharp and clarify the relationship between the solvability o... Read More about Solvability of superlinear fractional parabolic equations.

Experimental validation of computerised models of clustering of platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal via tandem SH2 domain proteins (2022)
Journal Article
Maqsood, Z., Clark, J. C., Martin, E. M., Cheung, Y. F. H., Morán, L. A., Watson, S. E. T., …Watson, S. P. (2022). Experimental validation of computerised models of clustering of platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal via tandem SH2 domain proteins. PLoS Computational Biology, 18(11), Article e1010708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010708

The clustering of platelet glycoprotein receptors with cytosolic YxxL and YxxM motifs, including GPVI, CLEC-2 and PEAR1, triggers activation via phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine residues and recruitment of the tandem SH2 (Src homology 2) dom... Read More about Experimental validation of computerised models of clustering of platelet glycoprotein receptors that signal via tandem SH2 domain proteins.

The nonequilibrium potential today: A short review (2022)
Journal Article
Wio, H. S., Deza, J. I., Sánchez, A. D., García-García, R., Gallego, R., Revelli, J. A., & Deza, R. R. (2022). The nonequilibrium potential today: A short review. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 165(Part 1), 112778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112778

A brief review is made of the birth and evolution of the “nonequilibrium potential” (NEP) concept. As if providing a landscape for qualitative reasoning were not helpful enough, the NEP adds a quantitative dimension to the qualitative theory of diffe... Read More about The nonequilibrium potential today: A short review.

Gathering and compiling mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions with taxonomical classification (2022)
Journal Article
Sikurajapathi, I., Henderson, K., & Gwynllyw, R. (2022). Gathering and compiling mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions with taxonomical classification. MSOR Connections, 20(3), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.21100/msor.v20i3.1345

This article gives an overview of the interactive book called ‘Collection of Taxonomically Classified Mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessments (CSE Book)’ which has been produced as a result of the Common Student Errors Project (CSE Projec... Read More about Gathering and compiling mathematical common student errors in e-assessment questions with taxonomical classification.

Insights into the dynamics of ligand-induced dimerisation via mathematical modelling and analysis (2022)
Journal Article
White, C., Rottschäfer, V., & Bridge, L. (2022). Insights into the dynamics of ligand-induced dimerisation via mathematical modelling and analysis. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 538, 110996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110996

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) system plays a role in cancer and many other diseases. It is widely accepted that VEGFR receptors dimerise in response to VEGF binding. However, analysis of these mechanisms and their imp... Read More about Insights into the dynamics of ligand-induced dimerisation via mathematical modelling and analysis.

Automatic Checking of Research Outputs (ACRO): A tool for dynamic disclosure checks (2021)
Journal Article
Green, E., Ritchie, F., & Smith, J. (2021). Automatic Checking of Research Outputs (ACRO): A tool for dynamic disclosure checks. ESS Statistical Working Papers, 2021 Edition, https://doi.org/10.2785/75954

This paper discusses the issues surrounding the creation of an automatic tool to reduce the burden of output checking in research environments. It describes ACRO (Automatic Checking of Research Outputs), a Stata tool written as a proof-of-concept, an... Read More about Automatic Checking of Research Outputs (ACRO): A tool for dynamic disclosure checks.

Statistical disclosure controls for machine learning models (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Krueger, S., Mansouri-Benssassi, E., Ritchie, F., & Smith, J. (2021). Statistical disclosure controls for machine learning models

Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are trained on large datasets. Where the training data is sensitive, the data holders need to consider risks posed by access to the training data and risks posed by the models that are released. The first problem c... Read More about Statistical disclosure controls for machine learning models.

Students’ perceptions of enhanced e-assessment feedback addressing common student errors in mathematics (2021)
Journal Article
Sikurajapathi, I., Henderson, K., & Gwynllyw, R. (2021). Students’ perceptions of enhanced e-assessment feedback addressing common student errors in mathematics. MSOR Connections, 19(2), 10-27. https://doi.org/10.21100/msor.v19i2

The Common Student Errors Project (CSE Project) has been running at the University of the West of England (UWE, Bristol) since 2017. The main aim of this project is to introduce a method to detect CSEs and to provide tailored feedback in Engineering... Read More about Students’ perceptions of enhanced e-assessment feedback addressing common student errors in mathematics.

The effectiveness of remediating mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessments (2021)
Presentation / Conference
Sikurajapathi, I., Henderson, K., & Gwynllyw, . R. (2021, June). The effectiveness of remediating mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessments. Presented at E-Assessment in Mathematical Sciences (EAMS2021), Online

The Common Student Errors Project (CSE Project) has been running at the University of the West of England (UWE, Bristol) since 2017. The main aim of this project is to introduce a method to detect CSEs and to provide tailored feedback in Engineering... Read More about The effectiveness of remediating mathematical Common Student Errors in e-Assessments.

Exact solutions and equi-dosing regimen regions for multi-dose pharmacokinetics models with transit compartments (2020)
Journal Article
Hof, F., & Bridge, L. J. (2021). Exact solutions and equi-dosing regimen regions for multi-dose pharmacokinetics models with transit compartments. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, 48, 99-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10928-020-09719-8

Compartmental models which yield linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide common tools for pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis, with exact solutions for drug levels or concentrations readily obtainable for low-dimensional compartment models.... Read More about Exact solutions and equi-dosing regimen regions for multi-dose pharmacokinetics models with transit compartments.

A blow-up dichotomy for semilinear fractional heat equations (2020)
Journal Article
Laister, R., & Sierżęga, M. (2021). A blow-up dichotomy for semilinear fractional heat equations. Mathematische Annalen, 381, 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-020-02078-2

We derive a blow-up dichotomy for positive solutions of fractional semilinear heat equations on the whole space. That is, within a certain class of convex source terms, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition on the source for all positive... Read More about A blow-up dichotomy for semilinear fractional heat equations.

Analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors (2020)
Journal Article
Hoare, S. R. J., Tewson, P. H., Quinn, A. M., Hughes, T. E., & Bridge, L. J. (2020). Analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 12263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67844-3

In classical pharmacology, bioassay data are fit to general equations (e.g. the dose response equation) to determine empirical drug parameters (e.g. EC50 and Emax), which are then used to calculate chemical parameters such as affinity and efficacy. H... Read More about Analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors.

Security properties of light clients on the ethereum blockchain (2020)
Journal Article
Paavolainen, S., & Carr, C. (2020). Security properties of light clients on the ethereum blockchain. IEEE Access, 8, 124339-124358. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3006113

Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain, known as being the second most popular public blockchain after Bitcoin. Since Ethereum is decentralised the canonical state is determined by the Ethereum network participants via a consensus mechanism without a... Read More about Security properties of light clients on the ethereum blockchain.

Understanding output checking (2020)
Report
Green, E., Ritchie, F., & Smith, J. (2020). Understanding output checking. Luxembourg: European Commission (Eurostat - Methodology Directorate)

This report for Eurostat (Methodology) considers the conceptual and practical issues that need to be addressed in designing and implementing automatic disclosure control checking for statistical research outputs. The report covers - The basic theo... Read More about Understanding output checking.

Well-posedness of semilinear heat equations in L1 (2019)
Journal Article
Laister, R., & Sierżęga, M. (2020). Well-posedness of semilinear heat equations in L1. Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincare (C) Non Linear Analysis, 37(3), 709-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anihpc.2019.12.001

The problem of obtaining necessary and sufficient conditions for local existence of non-negative solutions in Lebesgue spaces for semilinear heat equations having monotonically increasing source term f has only recently been resolved (Laister et al.... Read More about Well-posedness of semilinear heat equations in L1.

10 is the safest number that there’s ever been (2019)
Presentation / Conference
Ritchie, F. (2019, October). 10 is the safest number that there’s ever been. Paper presented at Workshop on statistical data confidentiality 2019, The Hague

When checking frequency and magnitude tables for disclosure risk, the cell threshold (the minimum number of observations in each cell) is the crucial statistic. In rules-based environments, this is a hard limit on what can or can’t be published. In p... Read More about 10 is the safest number that there’s ever been.

User-focused threat identification for anonymised microdata (2019)
Journal Article
Ritchie, F., Hafner, H., & Lenz, R. (2019). User-focused threat identification for anonymised microdata. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 35(4), 703-713. https://doi.org/10.3233/SJI-190506

© 2019 - IOS Press and the authors. When producing anonymised microdata for research, national statistics institutes (NSIs) identify a number of 'risk scenarios' of how intruders might seek to attack a confidential dataset. This approach has been cri... Read More about User-focused threat identification for anonymised microdata.