All Outputs (80)

A study of the effects of acid on the polymerisation of pyrrole, on the oxidative polymerisation of pyrrole and on polypyrrole (2000)
Journal Article
Ratcliffe, N. M., Hawkins, S. J., Hawkins, S., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (2000). A study of the effects of acid on the polymerisation of pyrrole, on the oxidative polymerisation of pyrrole and on polypyrrole. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 10(9), 2057-2062. https://doi.org/10.1039/b001912g

The polymer products arising from the hydrochloric acid treatment of aqueous pyrrole were shown to have spectroscopic data consistent with alternating pyrrole and pyrrolidine units with varying degrees of ring opening of the pyrrole units. The acid c... Read More about A study of the effects of acid on the polymerisation of pyrrole, on the oxidative polymerisation of pyrrole and on polypyrrole.

A study of methods for evaluating the integrity of plate type heat exchangers used in the dairy industry (2000)
Journal Article
type heat exchangers used in the dairy industry. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 53(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2000.tb02650.x

An overview of leak testing methods for heat exchangers is presented. The problems associated with the presence of residual liquid during testing were assessed as it was shown experimentally that complete drainage of plate type heat exchangers is ver... Read More about A study of methods for evaluating the integrity of plate type heat exchangers used in the dairy industry.

Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV: Maris piper) infected by Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp. (1999)
Journal Article
Spencer-Phillips, P. T., Ratcliffe, N. M., Ewen, R. J., De Lacy Costello, B. P., de Lacy Costello, B., Evans, P., …Spencer-Phillips, P. T. (1999). Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV: Maris piper) infected by Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp. Plant Pathology, 48(3), 345-351. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1999.00357.x

Bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of surface sterilized healthy tubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Maris Piper (8 different isolates) and from tubers inoculated with Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora showing soft-rot symptoms (3 different is... Read More about Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV: Maris piper) infected by Erwinia carotovora, Bacillus polymyxa and Arthrobacter sp..

Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV : Maris Piper) infected by erwinia carotovora, bacillus polymyxa and arthrobacter sp (1999)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., Evans, P., Ewen, R., Gunson, H., Ratcliffe, N. M., & Spencer-Phillips, P. T. (1999). Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV : Maris Piper) infected by erwinia carotovora, bacillus polymyxa and arthrobacter sp. Plant Pathology, 48(3), 345-351

Bacteria were isolated from internal tissues of surface sterilized healthy tubers of Solanum tuberosum cv. Maris Piper (8 different isolates) and from tubers inoculated with Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora showing soft-rot symptoms (3 different is... Read More about Identification of volatiles generated by potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum CV : Maris Piper) infected by erwinia carotovora, bacillus polymyxa and arthrobacter sp.

Simple Methods for the Extraction and Identification of Amine Malodurs from Spoiled Foodstuffs (1998)
Journal Article
Jones, P., Ewen, R., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1998). Simple Methods for the Extraction and Identification of Amine Malodurs from Spoiled Foodstuffs. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 11(3), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1998.0584

Headspace GC-MS analysis was performed on potato tubers infected withErwinia carotovorabacteria and on Iberian cured ham infected withMicroccusandLactobacillusbacteria strains, which cause extensive losses in stored foodstuffs. Headspace samples of i... Read More about Simple Methods for the Extraction and Identification of Amine Malodurs from Spoiled Foodstuffs.

The use of thin silver films for the detection of low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide (1998)
Journal Article
Hawkins, S. J., Ratcliffe, N. M., & Sagastizabal, A. (1998). The use of thin silver films for the detection of low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide. Analytica Chimica Acta, 359(1-2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670%2897%2900633-8

This work describes the facile fabrication of a sensor for the visual detection of hydrogen sulphide at concentrations of ≤0.1 ppm. Colloidal silver films were prepared on PVC by a dip-coating method which, on exposure to hydrogen sulphide, underwent... Read More about The use of thin silver films for the detection of low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide.

Synthesis and gas sensing properties of poly[tetra(pyrrol-1-yl)silane] (1996)
Journal Article
Campbell, S. A., Smith, J. R., Evans, P., Smith, J., Ratcliffe, N. M., & Campbell, S. (1996). Synthesis and gas sensing properties of poly[tetra(pyrrol-1-yl)silane]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 6(3), 295-299. https://doi.org/10.1039/jm9960600295

Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole and polythiophene offer a new approach to the design of modified electrodes and sensors. In the current work, the electrochemical and chemical polymerisation of tetra(pyrrol-1-yl)silane is described. Resultant... Read More about Synthesis and gas sensing properties of poly[tetra(pyrrol-1-yl)silane].

Novel composite organic-inorganic semiconductor sensors for the quantitative detection of target organic vapours (1996)
Journal Article
Honeybourne, C. L., Ewen, R. J., De Lacy Costello, B. P., de Lacy Costello, B., Evans, P., Ewen, R., …Ratcliffe, N. M. (1996). Novel composite organic-inorganic semiconductor sensors for the quantitative detection of target organic vapours. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 6(3), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1039/JM9960600289

Composites of tin dioxide (an n-type semiconductor) and derivatives of the conducting polymer polypyrrole (a p-type semiconductor) gave reversible changes in electrical resistance at room temperature when exposed to a range of organic vapours. The op... Read More about Novel composite organic-inorganic semiconductor sensors for the quantitative detection of target organic vapours.

Electrorheological properties of polypyrrole prepared by the action of mineral acids on pyrrole (1996)
Journal Article
Teare, G. C., Teare, G. C., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1996). Electrorheological properties of polypyrrole prepared by the action of mineral acids on pyrrole. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 6(3), 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1039/jm9960600301

Polypyrrole was prepared in high yield by the polymerisation of pyrrole in strongly acidic conditions using hydrofluoric, hydrochloric (at 20°C and 100°C), hydrobromic, nitric and orthophosphoric acids. The polymer products incorporated significant a... Read More about Electrorheological properties of polypyrrole prepared by the action of mineral acids on pyrrole.

Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers (1995)
Journal Article
Campbell, S. A., Cox, P. A., Smith, J. R., Smith, J., Cox, P., Campbell, S., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1995). Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 91(15), 2331-2338. https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9959102331

A wide range of conjugated organic compounds undergo anodic electropolymerisation to produce polymers of high conductivity. However, electrooxidation does not always result in the formation of electroactive materials, since some reactions produce ins... Read More about Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers.

Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole (1995)
Journal Article
Campbell, S. A., Ratcliffe, N. M., Smith, J. R., Smith, J., Ratcliffe, N. M., & Campbell, S. (1995). Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole. Synthetic Metals, 73(2), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779%2895%2903318-1

A number of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes, exhibiting a range of electronic effects, and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole were synthesized and their electrochemical behaviour investigated. The films, produced by anodic electropolymerization, were redox inactive and exhi... Read More about Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole.

Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole (1995)
Journal Article
Smith, J., Campbell, S., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1995). Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole. Synthetic Metals, 73(2), 171-182

A number of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes, exhibiting a range of electronic effects, and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole were synthesized and their electrochemical behaviour investigated. The films, produced by anodic electropolymerization, were redox inactive and exhi... Read More about Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part II. Synthesis and polymerization of (E)-2-styrylthiophenes and (E)-2-styrylpyrrole.

Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers (1995)
Journal Article
Smith, J. R., Cox, P. A., Campbell, S., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1995). Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 91(15), 2331-2338

A wide range of conjugated organic compounds undergo anodic electropolymerisation to produce polymers of high conductivity. However, electrooxidation does not always result in the formation of electroactive materials, since some reactions produce ins... Read More about Application of density functional theory in the synthesis of electroactive polymers.

Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part I. Synthesis and electropolymerization of 3-styrylthiophenes (1994)
Journal Article
Ratcliffe, N. M., Campbell, S. A., Smith, J. R., Smith, J., Campbell, S., Dunleavy, M., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1994). Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part I. Synthesis and electropolymerization of 3-styrylthiophenes. Synthetic Metals, 63(3), 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779%2894%2990234-8

The synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of novel thiophene compounds containing a substituted phenyl group separated by an alkene spacer are described. In such systems, it was proposed that the molecular geometry should allow the π-electron densi... Read More about Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages Part I. Synthesis and electropolymerization of 3-styrylthiophenes.

The simple preparation of a conducting and transparent polypyrrole film (1990)
Journal Article
Ratcliffe, N. M., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1990). The simple preparation of a conducting and transparent polypyrrole film. Synthetic Metals, 38(1), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779%2890%2990070-2

The preparation of transparent, c. 50 nm thick, conducting (c. 5.0 S cm-1) films of polypyrrole onto non-conducting substrates, e.g. acrylic, polyester, glass is described. The coating was produced by a dip process into a colloidal dispersion of poly... Read More about The simple preparation of a conducting and transparent polypyrrole film.

Polypyrrole-based sensor for hydrazine and ammonia (1990)
Journal Article
Ratcliffe, N. M. (1990). Polypyrrole-based sensor for hydrazine and ammonia. Analytica Chimica Acta, 239(C), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670%2800%2983859-3

An ultra-thin layer of polypyrrole can be coated on non-conducting substrates, e.g., acrylic, by dip coating into a colloidal suspension of polypyrrole. This thin coating reversibly combines with low concentrations of ammonia or hydrazine with a conc... Read More about Polypyrrole-based sensor for hydrazine and ammonia.

A promising material for non-linear optics: Observation of second harmonic generation from 4-[N-(4-carboxypentyl)-N-methylamino]-4′-nitrostilbene- coated substrates (1988)
Journal Article
Barton, J. W., Barton, J., Buhaenko, M., Moyle, B., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1988). A promising material for non-linear optics: Observation of second harmonic generation from 4-[N-(4-carboxypentyl)-N-methylamino]-4′-nitrostilbene- coated substrates. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 488-489. https://doi.org/10.1039/C39880000488

Glass coated with a nitro amino stilbene carboxylic acid using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique gave a non-centrosymmetric material exhibiting second harmonic generation, 1.06 to 0.53 μm.

IR studies of pyroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films (1987)
Journal Article
Barton, J. W., Ratcliffe, N. M., Roberts, G. G., Petty, M. C., Jones, C. A., Jones, C., …Barton, J. (1987). IR studies of pyroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films. Thin Solid Films, 155(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090%2887%2990064-2

Alternate-layer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) assemblies, consisting of 22-tricosenoic acid with three different amine derivatives, have been fabricated. The pyroelectric activity in the films has been assessed and correlated with their structures determine... Read More about IR studies of pyroelectric Langmuir-Blodgett films.

Pyroelectric behaviour of Langmuir-Blodgett films containing polar chromophores (1987)
Journal Article
Daniel, M. F., Roser, S. J., Ratcliffe, N., Smith, G. W., Smith, G., Ratcliffe, N. M., …Daniel, M. (1987). Pyroelectric behaviour of Langmuir-Blodgett films containing polar chromophores. Thin Solid Films, 151(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090%2887%2990003-4

The pyroelectric behaviour of Langmuir-Blodgett films containing several different polar chromophores was studied. Two distinct levels of activity are seen. By comparison with films containing no chromophores it is shown that the lower level of activ... Read More about Pyroelectric behaviour of Langmuir-Blodgett films containing polar chromophores.

Pyroelectric activity in non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films (1985)
Journal Article
Smith, G., Daniel, M., Barton, J., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (1985). Pyroelectric activity in non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films. Thin Solid Films, 132(1-4), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090%2885%2990464-X

We report the detection of pyroelectric activity in non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films of structure ABAB ... where A and B are monolayers of different materials. Films consisting of alternating fatty amine and fatty acid layers gi... Read More about Pyroelectric activity in non-centrosymmetric Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer films.