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A comparison of DWT/PAA and DFT for time series classification (2006)
Presentation / Conference
Bagnall, A. J., Whittley, I. M., Janacek, G. J., Kemsley, K., Studley, M., & Bull, L. (2006, June). A comparison of DWT/PAA and DFT for time series classification. Paper presented at International conference on Data Mining (DMIN '06), Las Vegas, US

Discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) and Haar two, PAA is identical to a Haar Wavelet transformation [61. wavelets (DWT) were proposed for the use in time series data mining over five years ago and have since proved to be popular algorithms for the tran... Read More about A comparison of DWT/PAA and DFT for time series classification.

Using a learning classifier system for clustering (2006)
Presentation / Conference
Tamee, K., Bull, L., Pinngern, O., Rojanavasu, P., & Srinil, P. (2006, June). Using a learning classifier system for clustering. Paper presented at International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2006. ISCIT'06

A neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism for mobile robot control (2006)
Journal Article
Hurst, J., & Bull, L. (2006). A neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism for mobile robot control. Artificial Life, 12(3), 353-380. https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.2006.12.3.353

For artificial entities to achieve true autonomy and display complex lifelike behavior, they will need to exploit appropriate adaptable learning algorithms. In this context adaptability implies flexibility guided by the environment at any given time... Read More about A neural learning classifier system with self-adaptive constructivism for mobile robot control.

Phenomenology of glider collisions in cellular automaton Rule 54 and associated logical gates (2006)
Journal Article
Martínez, G. J., Adamatzky, A., & McIntosh, H. V. (2006). Phenomenology of glider collisions in cellular automaton Rule 54 and associated logical gates. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 28(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.05.013

Rule 54, a two state, three neighbor cellular automaton in Wolfram's systems of nomenclature, is less complex that Rule 110, but nevertheless possess a rich and complex dynamics. We provide a systematic and exhaustive analysis of glider behavior and... Read More about Phenomenology of glider collisions in cellular automaton Rule 54 and associated logical gates.

Phenomenology of reaction-diffusion binary-state cellular automata (2006)
Journal Article
Mora, J. C. S. T., Martínez, G. J., & Adamatzky, A. (2006). Phenomenology of reaction-diffusion binary-state cellular automata. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 16(10), 2985-3005. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127406016598

We study a binary-cell-state eight-cell neighborhood two-dimensional cellular automaton model of a quasi-chemical system with a substrate and a reagent. Reactions are represented by semitotalistic transitions rules: every cell switches from state 0 t... Read More about Phenomenology of reaction-diffusion binary-state cellular automata.

Gliders in Rule 110 (2006)
Journal Article
Martinez, G. J., McIntosh, H. V., & Mora, J. C. (2006). Gliders in Rule 110. International Journal of Unconventional Computing, 2(1), 1-49

The existence of several periodic structures (known as gliders) in the evolution space of the one-dimensional cellular automaton Rule 110, has important lines of investigation in cellular automata theory such as: complex behavior, universal computati... Read More about Gliders in Rule 110.

The inverse behavior of a reversible one-dimensional cellular automaton obtained by a single welch diagram (2006)
Journal Article
Mora, J. C., Martinez, G. J., & McIntosh, H. V. (2006). The inverse behavior of a reversible one-dimensional cellular automaton obtained by a single welch diagram. Journal of Cellular Automata, 1(1), 25-39

Reversible cellular automata are discrete dynamical systems based on local interactions which are able to produce an invertible global behavior. Reversible automata have been carefully analyzed by means of graph and matrix tools, in particular the ex... Read More about The inverse behavior of a reversible one-dimensional cellular automaton obtained by a single welch diagram.

SCDM User Guide (2006)
Other
Studley, M., Whittley, I. M., Tekiner, F., Bull, L., Bagnall, A. J., & Pettipher, M. (2006). SCDM User Guide

Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: A continuing SAGA on coupled fitness landscapes (2005)
Journal Article
Bull, L. (2005). Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: A continuing SAGA on coupled fitness landscapes. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 3630 LNAI, 322-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/11553090_33

The Species Adaptation Genetic Algorithm (SAGA) was introduced to facilitate the open-ended evolution of artificial systems. The approach enables genotypes to increase in length through appropriate mutation operators and has been successfully exploit... Read More about Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: A continuing SAGA on coupled fitness landscapes.

X-TCS: Accuracy-based learning classifier system robotics (2005)
Journal Article
Studley, M., & Bull, L. (2005). X-TCS: Accuracy-based learning classifier system robotics. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2005.1554954

Although most learning classifier system (LCS) research uses the accuracy-based XCS, it had never been used to control a physical robot before. In comparison to purely evolutionary or purely reinforcement learning approaches, an LCS should be faster... Read More about X-TCS: Accuracy-based learning classifier system robotics.

Towards predicting spatial complexity: a learning classifier system approach to the identification of cellular automata (2005)
Presentation / Conference
Bull, L., Lawson, I., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2005, September). Towards predicting spatial complexity: a learning classifier system approach to the identification of cellular automata. Paper presented at IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2005, Edinburgh, UK

This paper presents a novel approach to the programming of automata-based simulation and computation using a machine learning technique. The identification of lattice-based automata for real-world applications is cast as a data mining problem. Our ap... Read More about Towards predicting spatial complexity: a learning classifier system approach to the identification of cellular automata.

Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: growth and mutation on coupled fitness landscapes (2005)
Presentation / Conference
Bull, L. (2005, September). Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: growth and mutation on coupled fitness landscapes. Paper presented at 2005 IEEE Congress on Eolutionary Computation, Edinburgh, UK

The species adaptation genetic algorithm (SAGA) was introduced to facilitate the open-ended evolution of artificial systems. The approach enables genotypes to increase in length through appropriate mutation operators. Most recently, this has been und... Read More about Coevolutionary species adaptation genetic algorithms: growth and mutation on coupled fitness landscapes.

Genetic programming with a genetic algorithm for feature construction and selection (2005)
Journal Article
Smith, M. G., & Bull, L. (2005). Genetic programming with a genetic algorithm for feature construction and selection. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6(3), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-005-2988-7

The use of machine learning techniques to automatically analyse data for information is becoming increasingly widespread. In this paper we primarily examine the use of Genetic Programming and a Genetic Algorithm to pre-process data before it is class... Read More about Genetic programming with a genetic algorithm for feature construction and selection.

Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium (2005)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2005). Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 25(3), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.11.056

We experimentally demonstrate that excitation wave-fragments in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium with immobilised catalyst can be used to build elementary logical gates and circuits. Following our previous theoretical constructions [Adamatzky A. Co... Read More about Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium.