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Computation by competing patterns: life rule B2/S2345678 (2008)
Book Chapter
Martinez, G. J., Adamatzky, A., McIntosh, H. V., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2008). Computation by competing patterns: life rule B2/S2345678. In A. Adamatzky, R. Alonso-Sanz, A. Lawniczak, G. J. Martinez, K. Morita, & T. Worsch (Eds.), Automata 2008: Theory and Applications of Cellular Automata (356-367). Frome: Luniver Press

Patterns, originating from different sources of perturbations, propagating in a precipitating chemical medium do usually compete for the space. They sub-divide the medium onto the regions unique for an initial configuration of disturbances. This sub-... Read More about Computation by competing patterns: life rule B2/S2345678.

Evolving localizations in reaction-diffusion cellular automata (2008)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., Bull, L., Collet, P., & Sapin, E. (2008). Evolving localizations in reaction-diffusion cellular automata. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 19(04), 557-567. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183108012376

We consider hexagonal cellular automata with immediate cell neighbourhood and three cell-states. Every cell calculates its next state depending on the integral representation of states in its neighbourhood, i.e., how many neighbours are in each one s... Read More about Evolving localizations in reaction-diffusion cellular automata.

Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system (2008)
Journal Article
Bull, L., Budd, A., Stone, C., Uroukov, I., Costello, B. D. L., & Adamatzky, A. (2008). Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system. Artificial Life, 14(2), 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.2008.14.2.203

We propose that the behavior of nonlinear media can be controlled automatically through evolutionary learning. By extension, forms of unconventional computing (viz., massively parallel nonlinear computers) can be realized by such an approach. In this... Read More about Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system.

Random number generation by cellular automata with memory (2008)
Journal Article
Alonso-Sanz, R., & Bull, L. (2008). Random number generation by cellular automata with memory. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 19(02), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1142/S012918310801211X

This paper considers an extension to the standard framework of cellular automata which implements memory capabilities by featuring cells by elementary rules of its last three states. A study is made of the potential value of elementary cellular autom... Read More about Random number generation by cellular automata with memory.

Initial results from the use of evolutionary learning to control chemical computers (2008)
Journal Article
Budd, A., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., & Bull, L. (2008). Initial results from the use of evolutionary learning to control chemical computers. International Journal of Unconventional Computing, 4(1), 13-22

The behaviour of pulses of Belousov-Zhabotinski (BZ) reaction diffusion waves can be controlled automatically through machine learning. By extension, a form of chemical network computing, i.e., a massively parallel non-linear Computer, can be realise... Read More about Initial results from the use of evolutionary learning to control chemical computers.

Towards neuronal computing: simple creation of two logic functions in 3D cell cultures using multi-electrode arrays (2008)
Journal Article
Bull, L., & Uroukov, I. (2008). Towards neuronal computing: simple creation of two logic functions in 3D cell cultures using multi-electrode arrays. International Journal of Unconventional Computing, 4(2), 143-154

In this paper we begin by reviewing a number of previously presented approaches to control the electrical stimulation of in vitro neuronal networks for computation through the use of multi-electrode array technology. Drawing upon this research we des... Read More about Towards neuronal computing: simple creation of two logic functions in 3D cell cultures using multi-electrode arrays.

Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers (2008)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., De Lacy Costello, B., & Shirakawa, T. (2008). Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 18(08), 2373-2389. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127408021750

Using the examples of an excitable chemical system (the Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium) and plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources (excitability or c... Read More about Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers.

Boolean networks with memory (2008)
Journal Article
Alonso-Sanz, R., & Bull, L. (2008). Boolean networks with memory. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 18(12), 3799-3814. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127408022755

In standard Boolean Networks (BN) the new state of a cell depends upon the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. The effect of implementing memory of different types in cells of BN with different degrees of random rewiring is st... Read More about Boolean networks with memory.

Non-linear media based computers: chemical and neuronal networks through machine learning (2008)
Report
Bull, L., Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., Husbands, P., O’Shea, M., Purcell, W., & Taylor, A. (2008). Non-linear media based computers: chemical and neuronal networks through machine learning

There is growing interest in research into the development of hybrid wetware-silicon devices focused on exploiting their potential for 'non-linear computing'. The aim is to harness the as yet only partially understood intricate dynamics of non-linear... Read More about Non-linear media based computers: chemical and neuronal networks through machine learning.

Knowledge discovery from medical data: an empirical study with XCS (2008)
Book Chapter
Kharbat, F., Odeh, M., & Bull, L. (2008). Knowledge discovery from medical data: an empirical study with XCS. In L. Bull, E. Bernado-Mansilla, & J. Holmes (Eds.), Learning Classifier Systems in Data Mining. Springer

In this chapter we describe the use of a modern learning classifier system to a data mining task. In particular, in collaboration with a medical specialist, we apply XCS to a primary breast cancer data set. Our results indicate more effective knowled... Read More about Knowledge discovery from medical data: an empirical study with XCS.