Urine as a suitable fuel for microbial fuel cells (2011)
Conference Proceeding
Ieropoulos, I. A., Greenman, J., & Melhuish, C. (2011). Urine as a suitable fuel for microbial fuel cells. In P. Lunghi, S. Ubertini, & V. Cigolotti (Eds.), Proceedings of EFC11. , (325-326)

MFCs show promise in utilising a wide variety of organic sources. This paper describes the utilisation of neat urine as the main feedstock, with conversion efficiencies of >50%. Power densities of 4.93mW/m2 were recorded when 48 small-scale MFCs were... Read More about Urine as a suitable fuel for microbial fuel cells.

Coarsening of equiaxed microstructure in the semisolid state of aluminum 7075 alloy through SIMA processing (2011)
Journal Article
Bolouri, A., Shahmiri, M., & Kang, C. G. (2012). Coarsening of equiaxed microstructure in the semisolid state of aluminum 7075 alloy through SIMA processing. Journal of Materials Science, 47(8), 3544-3553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-6200-6

In the present study, the coarsening mechanism of equiaxed grains in the semisolid state of aluminum 7075 alloy, treated via strain induced melting activation process, was investigated. The kinetics of equiaxed grain growth in the semisolid state of... Read More about Coarsening of equiaxed microstructure in the semisolid state of aluminum 7075 alloy through SIMA processing.

Correlation between solid fraction and tensile properties of semisolid RAP processed aluminum alloys (2011)
Journal Article
Bolouri, A., & Kang, C. G. (2012). Correlation between solid fraction and tensile properties of semisolid RAP processed aluminum alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 516, 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.12.045

Recrystallization and remelting (RAP), a promising route for thixoforming process, was used to process three aluminum alloys, AA2024, AA6061, and A356, under experimental conditions designed to yield various solid fractions (liquid fractions) within... Read More about Correlation between solid fraction and tensile properties of semisolid RAP processed aluminum alloys.

A study on semisolid processing of A356 aluminum alloy through vacuum-assisted electromagnetic stirring (2011)
Journal Article
Chung, I. G., Bolouri, A., & Kang, C. G. (2012). A study on semisolid processing of A356 aluminum alloy through vacuum-assisted electromagnetic stirring. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 58(1-4), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3376-5

In this study, a vacuum-assisted electromagnetic stirring system was designed and manufactured in order to minimize the defects such as porosities in the semisolid processing A356 aluminum alloy by electromagnetic stirring (EMS). A sleeve cooling sys... Read More about A study on semisolid processing of A356 aluminum alloy through vacuum-assisted electromagnetic stirring.

Dielectric elastomer pump for artificial organisms (2011)
Journal Article
Rossiter, J. M., Bowers, A. E., Walters, P., & Ieropoulos, I. (2011). Dielectric elastomer pump for artificial organisms. Proceedings of SPIE, 7976, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.880440

This paper presents a bio-inspired, dielectric elastomer (DE) based tubular pumping unit, developed for eventual use as a component of an artificial digestive tract onboard a microbial fuel cell powered robot (EcoBot). The pump effects fluid displace... Read More about Dielectric elastomer pump for artificial organisms.

Investigating the effects of fluidic connection between microbial fuel cells (2011)
Journal Article
Winfield, J., Ieropoulos, I., Greenman, J., & Dennis, J. (2011). Investigating the effects of fluidic connection between microbial fuel cells. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 34(4), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-010-0491-x

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can 'treat' wastewater but individually are thermodynamically restricted. Scale-up might, therefore, require a plurality of units operating in a stack which could introduce losses simply through fluidic connections. Experi... Read More about Investigating the effects of fluidic connection between microbial fuel cells.

The overshoot phenomenon as a function of internal resistance in microbial fuel cells (2011)
Journal Article
Winfield, J., Ieropoulos, I., Greenman, J., & Dennis, J. (2011). The overshoot phenomenon as a function of internal resistance in microbial fuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry, 81(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.01.001

A method for assessing the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is the polarisation sweep where different external resistances are applied at set intervals (sample rates). The resulting power curves often exhibit an overshoot where both power a... Read More about The overshoot phenomenon as a function of internal resistance in microbial fuel cells.

Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodour (2011)
Journal Article
Saad, S., Greenman, J., & Shaw, H. (2011). Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodour. Oral Diseases, 17(2), 180-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01714.x

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to compare a new mouthwash (SB12®) containing 0.025% chlorhexidine and 0.3% zinc for oral malodour reduction against four commercially available mouthwashes and negative control. A secondary aim was to co... Read More about Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodour.

Power for robotic artificial muscles (2011)
Journal Article
O'Brien, B., Anderson, I. A., Ieropoulos, I., McKay, T., & Melhuish, C. (2011). Power for robotic artificial muscles. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 16(1), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2010.2090894

Artificial muscles based on the dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) are an attractive technology for autonomous robotic systems. We are currently exploring their use on EcoBot (Ecological roBot), an autonomous robot being developed by Bristol Robotic... Read More about Power for robotic artificial muscles.

Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro (2011)
Journal Article
Thorn, R., Reynolds, D. M., & Greenman, J. (2011). Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 84(2), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.12.001

Volatile compounds (VCs) are produced by all microorganisms as part of their normal metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial VC profiles could be used to discriminate between selected bacterial species and strains in vitro... Read More about Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro.

Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro (2011)
Journal Article
Thorn, R., Reynolds, D. M., & Greenman, J. (2011). Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 84(2), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2010.12.001

Volatile compounds (VCs) are produced by all microorganisms as part of their normal metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether bacterial VC profiles could be used to discriminate between selected bacterial species and strains in vitro... Read More about Multivariate analysis of bacterial volatile compound profiles for discrimination between selected species and strains in vitro.

Digital fabrication of a novel bio-actuator for bio-robotic art and design (2011)
Conference Proceeding
Walters, P., McGoran, D., & Ieropoulos, I. (2011). Digital fabrication of a novel bio-actuator for bio-robotic art and design. In Society for Imaging Science and Technology (Ed.), NIP27: International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies and Digital Fabrication 2011 (496-499)

We describe the design, fabrication and testing of a biologically-driven actuator which serves as a proof-or-concept "artificial heartbeat" for future use within bio-robotic art and design. The actuator employs live biological material, both as a sou... Read More about Digital fabrication of a novel bio-actuator for bio-robotic art and design.

Microbial fuel cells: Scalability and their use in robotics (2011)
Book Chapter
Greenman, J., Ieropoulos, I., & Melhuish, C. (2011). Microbial fuel cells: Scalability and their use in robotics. In N. Eliaz (Ed.), Applications of Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine I (239-290). Springer

This is probably the first written and relatively accurate description of microorganisms, made by the Roman scholar Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.). It was then Anthony van Leeuwenhoek (ca. 1677) who, for the first time, observed little animals... Read More about Microbial fuel cells: Scalability and their use in robotics.