Outputs (39)

Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material (2022)
Journal Article
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., & Mol, L. (2022). Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 17634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22624-z

Bullet impacts are a ubiquitous form of damage to the built environment resulting from armed conflicts. Bullet impacts into stone buildings result in surficial cratering, fracturing, and changes to material properties, such as permeability and surfac... Read More about Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material.

Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone (2022)
Journal Article
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., & Mol, L. (2022). Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone. Royal Society Open Science, 9(7), 220029. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220029

Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical combat dis... Read More about Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone.

Mortar damage to heritage stone (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Mol, L., Cunliffe, E., & Brassey, C. (2022, May). Mortar damage to heritage stone. Presented at EGU 2022, Vienna

Stone built heritage in conflict areas is increasingly at risk of accelerated deterioration, as explosive and ballistic damage not only create damage to the surface, but also inherently change the mineral fabric of the stone to deep within the struct... Read More about Mortar damage to heritage stone.

Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire (2022)
Journal Article
Mol, L., & Grenfell, M. (2022). Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(7), 1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5345

From 9 March 2015, a wildfire burned an area of 25.7 km2, or approximately half of the Jonkershoek catchment (Western Cape, South Africa), over the course of 3 days. During this period, large areas of fynbos and commercial forest plantations were raz... Read More about Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire.

The efficiency of elemental geochemistry and weathering indices as tracers in aeolian sediment provenance fingerprinting (2021)
Journal Article
Nosrati, K., Moradian, H., Dolatkordestani, M., Mol, L., & Collins, A. L. (2022). The efficiency of elemental geochemistry and weathering indices as tracers in aeolian sediment provenance fingerprinting. CATENA, 210, Article 105932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105932

Confirmation of cost-effective and reliable tracers for aeolian sediment (sand dune) source fingerprinting warrants further research. Accordingly, the main objective of the work reported in this paper was to investigate the efficiency of weathering i... Read More about The efficiency of elemental geochemistry and weathering indices as tracers in aeolian sediment provenance fingerprinting.

Surface and subsurface damage caused by bullet impacts into sandstone (2021)
Journal Article
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., & Mol, L. (2021). Surface and subsurface damage caused by bullet impacts into sandstone. Geosciences, 11(9), 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11090395

The shift of armed conflicts to more urbanised environments has increased the risk to cultural heritage sites. Small arms impacts are ubiquitous in these circumstances, yet the effects and mechanisms of damage caused are not well known. A sandstone t... Read More about Surface and subsurface damage caused by bullet impacts into sandstone.

Sediment source fingerprinting: Benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes (2020)
Journal Article
Collins, A. L., Blackwell, M., Boeckx, P., Chivers, C., Emelko, M., Evrard, O., …Zhang, Y. (2020). Sediment source fingerprinting: Benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20, 4160-4193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02755-4

Purpose: This review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relev... Read More about Sediment source fingerprinting: Benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes.

Heritage in the crossfire (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Mol, L., Brassey, C., Clarke, L., Gilbert, O., Campbell, O., & Blenkinsop, T. (2020). Heritage in the crossfire. In Monument Future - Decay and Conservation of Stone. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone (835-840)

The Heritage in the Crossfire project investigates the impact of ballistics on sedimentary stone, and their consequences for further deterioration. This is particularly important in light of the ever increasing power of arms and their ubiquitous use... Read More about Heritage in the crossfire.

Microstructural damage from bullet impacts in heritage sandstones (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., Mol, L., & Lee, T. L. (2020). Microstructural damage from bullet impacts in heritage sandstones. In Monument Future - Decay and Conservation of Stone. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone (993-998)

Despite protection in international law, cultural heritage still suffers both intentional and inadvertent damage during conflict. Behind visible surface cratering, typically caused by small arms projectiles, is a network of microscale damage that is... Read More about Microstructural damage from bullet impacts in heritage sandstones.

Image is everything: Educator awareness of perceived barriers for students with physical disabilities in geoscience degree programs (2019)
Journal Article
Mol, L., & Atchison, C. (2019). Image is everything: Educator awareness of perceived barriers for students with physical disabilities in geoscience degree programs. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 43(4), 544-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2019.1660862

This exploratory pilot study builds on the image issues associated with geoscience degrees (namely physical geography and geology) and the potential obstacles this creates for prospective applicants with physical disabilities; departmental faculty ma... Read More about Image is everything: Educator awareness of perceived barriers for students with physical disabilities in geoscience degree programs.