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Robust 3D face capture using example-based photometric stereo (2013)
Journal Article
Smith, M. L., Atkinson, G. A., Leitão, H. C., Saracchini, R. F., Saracchini, R., Stolfi, J., …Smith, M. (2013). Robust 3D face capture using example-based photometric stereo. Computers in Industry, 64(9), 1399-1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2013.04.003

We show that using example-based photometric stereo, it is possible to achieve realistic reconstructions of the human face. The method can handle non-Lambertian reflectance and attached shadows after a simple calibration step. We use spherical harmon... Read More about Robust 3D face capture using example-based photometric stereo.

Dynamic deflectometry: A novel approach for the on-line reconstruction of specular freeform surfaces (2012)
Journal Article
Wedowski, R. D., Atkinson, G., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2012). Dynamic deflectometry: A novel approach for the on-line reconstruction of specular freeform surfaces. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 50(12), 1765-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2012.07.003

The dynamic inspection and reverse engineering of specular freeform surfaces is a challenge so far largely unsolved. Products produced in high quantities in industrial environments are still inspected manually which is labour intensive, expensive, mo... Read More about Dynamic deflectometry: A novel approach for the on-line reconstruction of specular freeform surfaces.

Combinatorial photometric stereo and its application in 3D modeling of melanoma (2012)
Journal Article
Smith, M. L., Zhou, Y., Smith, M., Smith, L., & Warr, R. (2012). Combinatorial photometric stereo and its application in 3D modeling of melanoma. Machine Vision and Applications, 23(5), 1029-1045. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-011-0356-6

This article concerns a new type of photometric stereo algorithm for which outliers such as highlights and shadows, including attached and cast shadow, are mixed with Lambertian data. The underlying motivation behind this algorithm is very simple: an... Read More about Combinatorial photometric stereo and its application in 3D modeling of melanoma.

Innovative machine vision technique for 2D/3D complex and irregular surfaces modelling (2012)
Journal Article
complex and irregular surfaces modelling. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9(5), 113-121

Abstract—This study propose and demonstrates a novel technique incorporating multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks for feature extraction with Photometric stereo based image capture techniques for the analysis of complex and irregular 2D profil... Read More about Innovative machine vision technique for 2D/3D complex and irregular surfaces modelling.

A robust multi-scale integration method to obtain the depth from gradient maps (2012)
Journal Article
Smith, M. L., Atkinson, G. A., Leitão, H. C., Saracchini, R. F., Saracchini, R., Stolfi, J., …Smith, M. (2012). A robust multi-scale integration method to obtain the depth from gradient maps. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 116(8), 882-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2012.03.006

We describe a robust method for the recovery of the depth map (or height map) from a gradient map (or normal map) of a scene, such as would be obtained by photometric stereo or interferometry. Our method allows for uncertain or missing samples, which... Read More about A robust multi-scale integration method to obtain the depth from gradient maps.

Distribution quantification on dermoscopy images for computer-Assisted diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas (2012)
Journal Article
Liu, Z., Sun, J., Smith, L., Smith, M., & Warr, R. (2012). Distribution quantification on dermoscopy images for computer-Assisted diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 50(5), 503-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-012-0895-7

Computerised analysis on skin lesion images has been reported to be helpful in achieving objective and reproducible diagnosis of melanoma. In particular, asymmetry in shape, colour and structure reflects the irregular growth of melanin under the skin... Read More about Distribution quantification on dermoscopy images for computer-Assisted diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas.

Branch cutting algorithm for unwrapping photoelastic phase map with isotropic point (2012)
Journal Article
Lao, F. Y., Liang, H. R., Huang, M. J., Zhang, Y. T., Wedowski, R., Atkinson, G., …Smith, L. (2012). Branch cutting algorithm for unwrapping photoelastic phase map with isotropic point. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 50(5), 619-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2011.10.013

A branch cutting algorithm is proposed to solve the wrapped isoclinic causing isochromatic discontinuity and thus to decouple the isoclinicisochromatic interaction of photoelastic phase maps. Rather than pixel by pixel, the branch-cutting isoclinic w... Read More about Branch cutting algorithm for unwrapping photoelastic phase map with isotropic point.

3D face recognition using photometric stereo (2012)
Thesis
Hansen, M. F. 3D face recognition using photometric stereo. (Thesis). University of the West of England. Retrieved from https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/947596

Automatic face recognition has been an active research area for the last four decades. This thesis explores innovative bio-inspired concepts aimed at improved face recognition using surface normals. New directions in salient data representation are e... Read More about 3D face recognition using photometric stereo.

Unsupervised sub-segmentation for pigmented skin lesions (2012)
Journal Article
Liu, Z., Sun, J., Smith, M., Smith, L., & Warr, R. (2012). Unsupervised sub-segmentation for pigmented skin lesions. Skin Research and Technology, 18(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00534.x

Background: Early identification of malignant melanoma with the surgical removal of thin lesions is the most effective treatment for skin cancers. A computer-aided diagnostic system assists to improve the diagnostic accuracy, where segmenting lesion... Read More about Unsupervised sub-segmentation for pigmented skin lesions.

Face recognition in 2D and 2.5D using ridgelets and photometric stereo (2012)
Journal Article
Smith, M. L., Atkinson, G. A., Kautkar, S. N., Kautkar, S., Atkinson, G., & Smith, M. (2012). Face recognition in 2D and 2.5D using ridgelets and photometric stereo. Pattern Recognition, 45(9), 3317-3327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2012.03.007

A new technique for face recognition - Ridgefaces - is presented. The method combines the well-known Fisherface method with the ridgelet transform and high-speed Photometric Stereo (PS). The paper first derives ridgelet projections for 2D/2.5D face i... Read More about Face recognition in 2D and 2.5D using ridgelets and photometric stereo.

Multi-scale integration of slope data on an irregular mesh (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Saracchini, R., Stolfi, J., Leitão, H., Atkinson, G., & Smith, M. (2011, November). Multi-scale integration of slope data on an irregular mesh. Paper presented at Pacific-Rim Symposium on Image and Video Technology, Gwangju, South Korea, 2011, Gwangju, South Korea

Twins 3D face recognition challenge (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Vijayan, V., Bowyer, K. W., Flynn, P. J., Huang, D. S., Chen, L., Hansen, M. F., …Kakadiaris, I. (2011, October). Twins 3D face recognition challenge. Paper presented at International Joint Conference on Biometrics, Washington DC, USA

Existing 3D face recognition algorithms have achieved high enough performances against public datasets like FRGC v2, that it is difficult to achieve further significant increases in recognition performance. However, the 3D TEC dataset is a more chall... Read More about Twins 3D face recognition challenge.

Biological indexes based reflectional asymmetry for classifying cutaneous lesions (2011)
Journal Article
Liu, Z., Smith, L., Sun, J., Smith, M., & Warr, R. (2011). Biological indexes based reflectional asymmetry for classifying cutaneous lesions. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 6893 LNCS(PART 3), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23626-6_16

This paper proposes a novel reflectional asymmetry descriptor to quantize the asymmetry of the cutaneous lesions for the discrimination of malignant melanoma from benign nevi. A pigmentation elevation model of the biological indexes is first construc... Read More about Biological indexes based reflectional asymmetry for classifying cutaneous lesions.

Psychologically inspired dimensionality reduction for 2D and 3D Face Recognition (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Hansen, M. F., Atkinson, G., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2011, September). Psychologically inspired dimensionality reduction for 2D and 3D Face Recognition. Paper presented at British Machine Vision Conference 2011, Dundee, UK

We present a number of related novel methods for reducing the dimensionality of data for the purposes of 2D and 3D face recognition. Results from psychology show that humans are capable of very good recognition of low resolution images and caricature... Read More about Psychologically inspired dimensionality reduction for 2D and 3D Face Recognition.

The photoface database (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Zafeirou, S., Hansen, M. F., Atkinson, G., Argyriou, V., Petrou, M., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2011, June). The photoface database. Paper presented at Biometrics Workshop of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA

Machine vision 3D skin texture analysis for detection of melanoma (2011)
Journal Article
Ding, Y., Smith, L., Smith, M., Farooq, A., Sun, J., & Warr, R. (2011). Machine vision 3D skin texture analysis for detection of melanoma. Sensor Review, 31(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/02602281111109961

Pur ose - The ur ose of this a er is to describe innovative machine vision methods that have been em loyed for the ca ture and analysis of 3D skin textures; and the resulting otential for assisting with identification of sus icious lesions in the det... Read More about Machine vision 3D skin texture analysis for detection of melanoma.

Enhanced 3D curvature pattern and melanoma diagnosis (2011)
Journal Article
Warr, R., Zhou, Y., Smith, M., Smith, L., & Farooq, A. (2011). Enhanced 3D curvature pattern and melanoma diagnosis. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, 35(2), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2010.10.004

This article describes an enhanced curvature pattern based melanoma diagnosis system using convolution techniques and ensemble classifiers. We extract the 3. D data of melanoma with a photometric stereo device first. Then differential forms of the me... Read More about Enhanced 3D curvature pattern and melanoma diagnosis.

Compensation of illumination radiance in photometric stereo (2010)
Presentation / Conference
Sun, J. (2010, December). Compensation of illumination radiance in photometric stereo. Paper presented at 2010 IEEE The 3rd International Conference on Machine Vision, Hong Kong

This paper presents a new strategy to counter camouflage by capturing (one more) additional images of same scene. The strategy is based on a technique we call 'two-light photometric stereo', which can remove disruptive reflectance from luminance imag... Read More about Compensation of illumination radiance in photometric stereo.