Electricity generation and struvite recovery from human urine using microbial fuel cells (2014)
Journal Article
You, J., Greenman, J., Melhuish, C., & Ieropoulos, I. (2016). Electricity generation and struvite recovery from human urine using microbial fuel cells. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 91(3), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4617

BACKGROUND: Urine is an abundant waste product which requires energy intensive treatment processes in modern wastewater treatment plants. However urine can be utilised as fertiliser in the form of struvite. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising... Read More about Electricity generation and struvite recovery from human urine using microbial fuel cells.

Towards disposable microbial fuel cells: Natural rubber glove membranes (2014)
Journal Article
Chambers, L. D., Winfield, J., Rossiter, J., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. (2014). Towards disposable microbial fuel cells: Natural rubber glove membranes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(36), 21803-21810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.071

© 2014 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Natural rubber from laboratory gloves (GNR) was compared to cation exchange membrane (CEM) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). GNR-MFCs immediately generated power... Read More about Towards disposable microbial fuel cells: Natural rubber glove membranes.

Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors (2013)
Journal Article
Gale, E., Mayne, R., Adamatzky, A., & De Lacy Costello, B. (2014). Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 143(2), 524-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.013

The fabrication of memristors by drop-coating sol-gel Ti(OH)4 solution onto either aluminium foil or sputter-coated aluminium on plastic is presented. The gel layer is thick, 37 μm, but both devices exhibit good memristance I-V profiles. The drop coa... Read More about Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors.

Design of a hybrid robot control system using memristor-model and ant-inspired based information transfer protocols (2013)
Presentation / Conference
Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2013, May). Design of a hybrid robot control system using memristor-model and ant-inspired based information transfer protocols. Paper presented at Workshop on Unconventional Approaches to Robotics, Automation and Control Inspired by Nature, Karlsruhe

It is not always possible for a robot to process all the information from its sensors in a timely manner and thus quick and yet valid approximations of the robot's situation are needed. Here we design hybrid control for a robot within this limit usin... Read More about Design of a hybrid robot control system using memristor-model and ant-inspired based information transfer protocols.

Different behaviour seen in flexible titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors dependent on the choice of electrode material (2012)
Book Chapter
Gale, E., Pearson, D., Kitson, S., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2012). Different behaviour seen in flexible titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors dependent on the choice of electrode material. In J. Heber, D. Schlom, Y. Tokura, R. Waser, & M. Wuttig (Eds.), Technical Digest of Frontiers in Electronic Materials (577-578). Germany: Nature Conferences & Wiley VCH

The memory-conservation model of memristance (2012)
Book Chapter
Gale, E. (2012). The memory-conservation model of memristance. In J. Heber, D. Schlom, Y. Tokura, R. Waser, & M. Wutting (Eds.), Technical Digest of Frontiers in Electronic Materials (538-539). Germany: Nature Conferences & Wiley VCH

Different behaviour seen in flexible titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors dependent on the choice of electrode materials (2012)
Presentation / Conference
Gale, E., Pearson, D., Kitson, S., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2012, June). Different behaviour seen in flexible titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors dependent on the choice of electrode materials. Poster presented at Fronteirs in Electronic Materials: Correlation Effects and Memristive Phenomena, Aachen, Germany

The memory-conservation model of memristance (2012)
Presentation / Conference
Gale, E. (2012, June). The memory-conservation model of memristance. Poster presented at Frontiers in Electronic Materials: Correlation Effects and Memristive Phenomena, Aachen, Germany

Fabrication and modelling of titanium dioxide memristors (2012)
Presentation / Conference
Gale, E., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2012, June). Fabrication and modelling of titanium dioxide memristors. Poster presented at Royal Society of Chemistry, Younger Members Symposium 2012, Nottingham, UK

Concept – including filamentary conduction in the mem-mon theory of memristance improves the model for ‘triangular’ memristors

Filamentary extension of the mem-con theory of memristance and its application to titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors (2012)
Working Paper
Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. Filamentary extension of the mem-con theory of memristance and its application to titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors. Bristol

Titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors have two different modes of operation, believed to be dependent on whether there is bulk memristance, i.e. memristance throughout the whole volume or filamentary memristance, i.e. memristance caused by the connecti... Read More about Filamentary extension of the mem-con theory of memristance and its application to titanium dioxide sol-gel memristors.

The effect of electrode size on memristor properties: an experimental and theoretical study (2012)
Working Paper
Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. The effect of electrode size on memristor properties: an experimental and theoretical study. Bristol

The width of the electrodes is not included in the current phenomenological models of memristance, but is included in the memory-conservation (mem-con) theory of memristance. An experimental study of the effect of changing the top electrode width was... Read More about The effect of electrode size on memristor properties: an experimental and theoretical study.

Biology and computing (2011)
Presentation / Conference
Gale, E. (2011, November). Biology and computing. Presented at Faculty Research Colloquium, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

Memristors, the recently discovered 4th fundamental circuit element, have been used as models for biological components, such as neurons. It may be that neurons are memristors, rather than just conveniently modeled by them. This presentation covers r... Read More about Biology and computing.

Aluminium electrodes effect the operation of titanium oxide sol-gel memristors (2011)
Working Paper
Gale, E., Pearson, D., Kitson, S., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. Aluminium electrodes effect the operation of titanium oxide sol-gel memristors. Bristol

By a comparison between memristors made with aluminium and gold electrodes, this letter demonstrates that aluminium electrodes are an essential component of the TiO$_2$ sol-gel flexible memristor . Both slow varying `analogue' and sudden switching `d... Read More about Aluminium electrodes effect the operation of titanium oxide sol-gel memristors.

The missing magnetic flux in the HP memristor found (2011)
Working Paper
Gale, E. The missing magnetic flux in the HP memristor found. Bristol

Ever since real-world two terminal memristor devices were created, detractors have derided them as not `true' Chua memristors because there is no magnetic flux in the system. This report shows that the flux is present and equal to the magnetic flux o... Read More about The missing magnetic flux in the HP memristor found.

Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system (2008)
Journal Article
Bull, L., Budd, A., Stone, C., Uroukov, I., Costello, B. D. L., & Adamatzky, A. (2008). Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system. Artificial Life, 14(2), 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1162/artl.2008.14.2.203

We propose that the behavior of nonlinear media can be controlled automatically through evolutionary learning. By extension, forms of unconventional computing (viz., massively parallel nonlinear computers) can be realized by such an approach. In this... Read More about Towards unconventional computing through simulated evolution: Control of nonlinear media by a learning classifier system.