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Toward hybrid nanostructure-slime mould devices (2014)
Journal Article
Mayne, R., & Adamatzky, A. (2015). Toward hybrid nanostructure-slime mould devices. Nano LIFE, 5(1), 1450007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S179398441450007X

The plasmodium of slime mould Physarum polycephalum has recently received signi¯cant attention for its value as a highly malleable amorphous computing substrate. In laboratory-based experiments, nanoscale arti¯cial circuit components were introduced... Read More about Toward hybrid nanostructure-slime mould devices.

Slime mould electronic oscillators (2014)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A. (2014). Slime mould electronic oscillators. Microelectronic Engineering, 124, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2014.04.022

We construct electronic oscillator from acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum. The slime mould oscillator is made of two electrodes connected by a protoplasmic tube of the living slime mould. A protoplasmic tube has an average resistance of 3 M... Read More about Slime mould electronic oscillators.

Information coding with frequency of oscillations in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks (2014)
Journal Article
Gorecki, J., Gorecka, J. N., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Information coding with frequency of oscillations in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks. Physical Review E, 89(4), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.042910

Information processing with an excitable chemical medium, like the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, is typically based on information coding in the presence or absence of excitation pulses. Here we present a new concept of Boolean coding that can... Read More about Information coding with frequency of oscillations in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks.

Slime mold microfluidic logical gates (2014)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., & Schubert, T. (2014). Slime mold microfluidic logical gates. Materials Today, 17(2), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.01.018

We demonstrate how logical operations can be implemented in ensembles of protoplasmic tubes of acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. The tactile response of the protoplasmic tubes is used to actuate analogs of two- and four-input logical gates... Read More about Slime mold microfluidic logical gates.

Evolving spiking networks with variable resistive memories (2014)
Journal Article
Howard, G., Bull, L., de Lacy Costello, B., Gale, E., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Evolving spiking networks with variable resistive memories. Evolutionary Computation, 22(1), 79-103. https://doi.org/10.1162/EVCO_a_00103

Neuromorphic computing is a brainlike information processing paradigm that requires adaptive learning mechanisms. A spiking neuro-evolutionary system is used for this purpose; plastic resistive memories are implemented as synapses in spiking neural n... Read More about Evolving spiking networks with variable resistive memories.

Rapid Physarum Algorithm for shortest path problem (2014)
Journal Article
Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Mahadevan, S., Adamatzky, A., & Deng, Y. (2014). Rapid Physarum Algorithm for shortest path problem. Applied Soft Computing, 23, 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.05.032

As shortest path (SP) problem has been one of the most fundamental network optimization problems for a long time, technologies for this problem are still being studied. In this paper, a new method by integrating a path finding mathematical model, ins... Read More about Rapid Physarum Algorithm for shortest path problem.

Slime mould logic gates based on frequency changes of electrical potential oscillation (2014)
Journal Article
Whiting, J. G. H., de Lacy Costello, B. P. J., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Slime mould logic gates based on frequency changes of electrical potential oscillation. BioSystems, 124, 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.08.001

Physarum polycephalum is a large single amoeba cell, which in its plasmodial phase, forages and connects nearby food sources with protoplasmic tubes. The organism forages for food by growing these tubes towards detected foodstuff, this foraging behav... Read More about Slime mould logic gates based on frequency changes of electrical potential oscillation.

Emergent spiking in non-ideal memristor networks (2014)
Journal Article
Costello, B. D. L., Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Emergent spiking in non-ideal memristor networks. Microelectronics Journal, 45(11), 1401-1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2014.06.008

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Memristors have uses as artificial synapses and perform well in this role in simulations with artificial spiking neurons. Our experiments show that memristor networks natively spike and can exhibit emergent o... Read More about Emergent spiking in non-ideal memristor networks.

Route 20, autobahn 7, and slime mold: Approximating the longest roads in usa and germany with slime mold on 3-d terrains (2014)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A. I., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Route 20, autobahn 7, and slime mold: Approximating the longest roads in usa and germany with slime mold on 3-d terrains. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 44(1), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2013.2248359

A cellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a monstrously large single cell visible by an unaided eye. The slime mold explores space in parallel, is guided by gradients of chemoattractants, and propagates toward sources of nutrients along nearly... Read More about Route 20, autobahn 7, and slime mold: Approximating the longest roads in usa and germany with slime mold on 3-d terrains.

Sensory fusion in Physarum polycephalum and implementing multi-sensory functional computation (2014)
Journal Article
Whiting, J., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Sensory fusion in Physarum polycephalum and implementing multi-sensory functional computation. BioSystems, 119(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.03.003

Surface electrical potential and observational growth recordings were made of a protoplasmic tube of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum in response to a multitude of stimuli with regards to sensory fusion or multisensory integration. Each stimulus... Read More about Sensory fusion in Physarum polycephalum and implementing multi-sensory functional computation.

A Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Shortest Path Problems with Mixed Fuzzy Arc Lengths (2014)
Journal Article
Zhang, X., Wang, Q., Adamatzky, A., Chan, F. T., Mahadevan, S., & Deng, Y. (2014). A Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Shortest Path Problems with Mixed Fuzzy Arc Lengths. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 163(3), 1049-1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-014-0542-6

© 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The shortest path problem is among fundamental problems of network optimization. Majority of the optimization algorithms assume that weights of data graph’s edges are pre-determined real numbers. Howe... Read More about A Biologically Inspired Optimization Algorithm for Solving Fuzzy Shortest Path Problems with Mixed Fuzzy Arc Lengths.

Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors (2013)
Journal Article
Gale, E., Mayne, R., Adamatzky, A., & De Lacy Costello, B. (2014). Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 143(2), 524-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.013

The fabrication of memristors by drop-coating sol-gel Ti(OH)4 solution onto either aluminium foil or sputter-coated aluminium on plastic is presented. The gel layer is thick, 37 μm, but both devices exhibit good memristance I-V profiles. The drop coa... Read More about Drop-coated titanium dioxide memristors.

Towards slime mould chemical sensor: Mapping chemical inputs onto electrical potential dynamics of Physarum Polycephalum (2013)
Journal Article
Whiting, J. G. H., de Lacy Costello, B. P. J., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Towards slime mould chemical sensor: Mapping chemical inputs onto electrical potential dynamics of Physarum Polycephalum. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 191, 844-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.064

Plasmodium of slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large single celled organism visible unaided by the eye. This slime mould is capable of optimising the shape of its protoplasmic networks in spatial configurations of attractants and repellents. Su... Read More about Towards slime mould chemical sensor: Mapping chemical inputs onto electrical potential dynamics of Physarum Polycephalum.

Computation of the travelling salesman problem by a shrinking blob (2013)
Journal Article
Jones, J., & Adamatzky, A. (2014). Computation of the travelling salesman problem by a shrinking blob. Natural Computing, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-013-9401-x

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a well known and challenging combinatorial optimisation problem. Its computational intractability has attracted a number of heuristic approaches to generate satisfactory, if not optimal, candidate solutions. S... Read More about Computation of the travelling salesman problem by a shrinking blob.

Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes (2013)
Journal Article
Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2013). Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes. https://doi.org/10.12785/amis/070418

Memristors have been compared to neurons (usually specifically the synapses) since 1976 but no experimental evidence has been offered for support for this position. Here we highlight that memristors naturally form fast-response, highly reproducible a... Read More about Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes.

Bio-development of motorway network in the Netherlands: A slime mould approach (2013)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., Lees, M., & Sloot, P. (2013). Bio-development of motorway network in the Netherlands: A slime mould approach. Advances in Complex Systems, 16(2-3), https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525912500348

Plasmodium of a cellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a very large eukaryotic microbe visible to the unaided eye. During its foraging behavior the plasmodium spans sources of nutrients with a network of protoplasmic tubes. In this paper we at... Read More about Bio-development of motorway network in the Netherlands: A slime mould approach.

Designing complex dynamics in cellular automata with memory (2013)
Journal Article
Martínez, G. J., Martinez, G. J., Adamatzky, A., & Alonso-Sanz, R. (2013). Designing complex dynamics in cellular automata with memory. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 23(10), 1330035. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127413300358

Since their inception at Macy conferences in later 1940s, complex systems have remained the most controversial topic of interdisciplinary sciences. The term "complex system" is the most vague and liberally used scientific term. Using elementary cellu... Read More about Designing complex dynamics in cellular automata with memory.