Andrew Adamatzky's Outputs (303)

Morphological and electrical properties of proteinoid−actin networks (2025)
Journal Article

Proteinoids, or thermal proteins, are produced by heating amino acids. Proteinoids form hollow microspheres in water. The microspheres produce oscillation of electrical potential. Actin is a filament-forming protein responsible for communication, inf... Read More about Morphological and electrical properties of proteinoid−actin networks.

Proton pump inhibitor omeprazole alters the spiking characteristics of proteinoids (2025)
Journal Article

This study reveals the significant effect of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole on the spiking behavior of proteinoids, leading to a transformative shift in the field of unconventional computing. Through the application of different concentrations... Read More about Proton pump inhibitor omeprazole alters the spiking characteristics of proteinoids.

Serotonergic mechanisms in proteinoid-based protocells (2025)
Journal Article

This study examines the effects of incorporating serotonin (5-HT) into proteinoid microspheres. It looks at the microspheres' structure and electrochemical properties. Proteinoid-serotonin assemblies have better symmetry and membrane organization tha... Read More about Serotonergic mechanisms in proteinoid-based protocells.

On oscillations in the external electrical potential of sea urchins (2025)
Journal Article

Sea urchins display complex bioelectric activity patterns, even with their decentralized nervous system. Electrophysiological recordings showed distinct spiking patterns. The baseline potential was about 8.80 mV. It had transient spikes with amplitud... Read More about On oscillations in the external electrical potential of sea urchins.

Chondroitin sulfate and proteinoids in neuron models (2025)
Journal Article

This study examines the relationship between chondroitin sulfate, proteinoids, and computational neuron models, with a specific emphasis on the Izhikevich neuron model. We investigate the effect of chondroitin sulfate-proteinoid complexes on the beha... Read More about Chondroitin sulfate and proteinoids in neuron models.

Influence of proteinoids on calcium carbonate polymorphs precipitation in supersaturated solutions (2024)
Journal Article

Proteinoids, or thermal proteins, are amino acid polymers formed at high temperatures by non-biological processes. Pro- teinoids form microspheres in liquids. The microspheres exhibit electrical activity similar to that of neurons. The electrically s... Read More about Influence of proteinoids on calcium carbonate polymorphs precipitation in supersaturated solutions.

Using neuroevolution for designing soft medical devices (2024)
Journal Article

Soft robots can exhibit better performance in specific tasks compared to conventional robots, particularly in healthcare related tasks. However, the field of soft robotics is still young, and designing them often involves mimicking natural organisms... Read More about Using neuroevolution for designing soft medical devices.

Optical recognition of the English alphabet using proteinoids (2024)
Journal Article

We introduce a new abiotic-protein-based substrate for identifying English alphabet characters optically using proteinoids. Proteinoids, which are amino acid polymers produced under thermal stress conditions, have demonstrated promise as materials th... Read More about Optical recognition of the English alphabet using proteinoids.

Living electronics in cellulose zoogleal mats (2024)
Journal Article

The review starts by investigating the concepts that underpin the use of kombucha in electronic systems, such as its conducting properties, self-healing properties, and capacity to form long-lasting biofilms. The research explores the diverse uses of... Read More about Living electronics in cellulose zoogleal mats.

Control of biohybrid actuators using neuroevolution (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution

In medical-related tasks, soft robots can perform better than conventional robots because of their compliant building materials and the movements they are able perform. However, designing soft robot controllers is not an easy task, due to the non-lin... Read More about Control of biohybrid actuators using neuroevolution.

On emergence of spontaneous oscillations in kombucha and proteinoids (2024)
Journal Article

An important part of studying living systems is figuring out the complicated steps that lead to order from chaos. Spontaneous oscillations are a key part of self-organisation in many biological and chemical networks, including kombucha and proteinoid... Read More about On emergence of spontaneous oscillations in kombucha and proteinoids.

Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters (2024)
Journal Article

Proteinoids—thermal proteins—are produced by heating amino acids to their melting point and initiation of polymerisation to produce polymeric chains. Proteinoids swell in aqueous solution into hollow microspheres. The proteinoid microspheres produce... Read More about Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters.

Proteinoids–polyaniline interaction with stimulated neurons on living and plastic surfaces (2024)
Journal Article

The integration of proteinoid-polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers with neuromorphic architectures shows potential for developing computer systems that are adaptable, energy-efficient, and have the capacity of tolerating faults. This work examines the capac... Read More about Proteinoids–polyaniline interaction with stimulated neurons on living and plastic surfaces.

Kombucha–proteinoid crystal bioelectric circuits (2024)
Journal Article

We propose “kombucha–proteinoid crystal bioelectric circuits” as a sustainable bio-computing platform. These circuits are hybrid biological-inorganic devices that utilize crystal growth dynamics as the physical substrate to convert information. Micro... Read More about Kombucha–proteinoid crystal bioelectric circuits.

Light-induced spiking response in proteinoid-actin-kombucha system (2024)
Journal Article

This study examines the spiking response of a proteinoid–actin–kombucha system when exposed to varying frequency of yellow light pulses. The objective is to understand the frequency-dependent characteristics of this system's response and explore the... Read More about Light-induced spiking response in proteinoid-actin-kombucha system.

Fungi as Turing automata with oracles (2024)
Journal Article

In the article, we aim to understand the responses of living organisms, exemplified by mycelium, to external stimuli through the lens of a Turing machine with an oracle (oTM). To facilitate our exploration, we show that a variant of an oTM is a cellu... Read More about Fungi as Turing automata with oracles.

The effects of omeprazole on the neuron-like spiking of the electrical potential of proteinoid microspheres (2024)
Journal Article

This study examines a new approach to hybrid neuromorphic devices by studying the impact of omeprazole–proteinoid complexes on Izhikevich neuron models. We investigate the influence of these metabolic structures on five specific patterns of neuronal... Read More about The effects of omeprazole on the neuron-like spiking of the electrical potential of proteinoid microspheres.

Visible light: Shaping chemical intelligence in proteinoid–ZnO interfaces (2024)
Journal Article

We study the emergence of chemical intelligence in proteinoid–ZnO nanocomposites through their interaction with visible light. When these novel materials are exposed to light, they display electrical spiking behaviour that is similar to the action po... Read More about Visible light: Shaping chemical intelligence in proteinoid–ZnO interfaces.

Achieving liquid processors by colloidal suspensions for reservoir computing (2024)
Journal Article

The increasing use of machine learning, with its significant computational and environmental costs, has motivated the exploration of unconventional computing substrates. Liquid substrates, such as colloids, are of particular interest due to their abi... Read More about Achieving liquid processors by colloidal suspensions for reservoir computing.

Fractional-order memristive dynamics in colloidal graphitic carbon nitride systems (2024)
Journal Article

We report on the synthesis and characterization of a colloidal graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3⁢N4) system exhibiting complex memfractance behavior. The g-C3⁢N4 colloid was prepared through thermal polymerization of urea, followed by dispersion in deio... Read More about Fractional-order memristive dynamics in colloidal graphitic carbon nitride systems.