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Enhancing radiological monitoring of 137Cs in coastal environments using taxonomic signals in brown seaweeds (2023)
Journal Article
Hunt, D., Dewar, A., Dal Molin, F., & Willey, N. (2023). Enhancing radiological monitoring of 137Cs in coastal environments using taxonomic signals in brown seaweeds. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 268-269, Article 107261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107261

With the rapidly expanding global nuclear industry, more efficient and direct radiological monitoring approaches are needed to ensure the associated environmental health impacts and risk remain fully assessed and undertaken as robustly as possible. C... Read More about Enhancing radiological monitoring of 137Cs in coastal environments using taxonomic signals in brown seaweeds.

Radioactivity in future phosphogypsum: New predictions based on estimates of ‘Peak P’ and rock phosphate resources (2022)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Timbs, P. (2022). Radioactivity in future phosphogypsum: New predictions based on estimates of ‘Peak P’ and rock phosphate resources. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 244-245, Article 106828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106828

Global food supplies currently depend on producing inorganic P fertilisers from a finite reserve of rock phosphate (RP). P fertilisers are themselves significant pollutants but their production from RP also leaves a phosphogypsum (PG) by-product that... Read More about Radioactivity in future phosphogypsum: New predictions based on estimates of ‘Peak P’ and rock phosphate resources.

Moving radiation protection on from the limitations of empirical concentration ratios (2019)
Journal Article
Beresford, N. A., & Willey, N. (2019). Moving radiation protection on from the limitations of empirical concentration ratios. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 208-209, Article 106020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106020

Radionuclide activity concentrations in food crops and wildlife are most often predicted using empirical concentration ratios (CRs). The CR approach is simple to apply and some data exist with which to parameterise models. However, the parameter is h... Read More about Moving radiation protection on from the limitations of empirical concentration ratios.

Predicting the effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation on redox potential in plant cells (2019)
Book Chapter
Caplin, N., & Willey, N. (2019). Predicting the effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation on redox potential in plant cells. In J. T. Hancock, & M. E. Conway (Eds.), Redox-Mediated Signal Transduction, (135-142). New York, USA: Humana. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9463-2_11

During exposure of cells to acute high dose-rate ionizing radiation (IR), oxidants from the radiolysis of water can overwhelm antioxidant systems. Protecting flora from the effects of IR released from a nuclear industry of increasing global significa... Read More about Predicting the effects of low dose-rate ionizing radiation on redox potential in plant cells.

Ionizing radiation, higher plants, and radioprotection: From acute high doses to chronic low doses (2018)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Caplin, N. (2018). Ionizing radiation, higher plants, and radioprotection: From acute high doses to chronic low doses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, Article 847. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00847

© 2018 Caplin and Willey. Understanding the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plants is important for environmental protection, for agriculture and horticulture, and for space science but plants have significant biological differences to the anim... Read More about Ionizing radiation, higher plants, and radioprotection: From acute high doses to chronic low doses.

An extended dose-response model for microbial responses to ionizing radiation (2017)
Journal Article
Siasou, E., Johnson, D., & Willey, N. (2017). An extended dose-response model for microbial responses to ionizing radiation. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 5, Article 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00006

© 2017 Siasou, Johnson and Willey. An understanding of the environmental toxicology of ionizing radiation (IR) is needed because nuclear power production is expanding and there is increasing pressure to build nuclear waste repositories. The effects o... Read More about An extended dose-response model for microbial responses to ionizing radiation.

Environmental Plant Physiology (2015)
Book
Willey, N. (2015). Environmental Plant Physiology. New York: Garland Science

Environmental Plant Physiology focuses on the physiology of plant-environment interactions, revealing plants as the key terrestrial intersection of the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. It provides a contemporary understanding of the... Read More about Environmental Plant Physiology.

Inter-Taxa differences in iodine uptake by plants: Implications for food quality and contamination (2015)
Journal Article
Siasou, E., & Willey, N. (2015). Inter-Taxa differences in iodine uptake by plants: Implications for food quality and contamination. Agronomy, 5(4), 537-554. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy5040537

© 2015 by the authors. Although iodine is not essential for plants, they take it up readily and, in foodchains, are significant sources of iodine for organisms with an essential requirement for it. During several nuclear accidents radioiodine has bee... Read More about Inter-Taxa differences in iodine uptake by plants: Implications for food quality and contamination.

Making the most of what we have: Application of extrapolation approaches in radioecological wildlife transfer models (2015)
Journal Article
Beresford, N. A., Wood, M. D., Vives i Batlle, J., Yankovich, T. L., Bradshaw, C., & Willey, N. (2016). Making the most of what we have: Application of extrapolation approaches in radioecological wildlife transfer models. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 151(2), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.022

© 2015 The Authors. We will never have data to populate all of the potential radioecological modelling parameters required for wildlife assessments. Therefore, we need robust extrapolation approaches which allow us to make best use of our available k... Read More about Making the most of what we have: Application of extrapolation approaches in radioecological wildlife transfer models.

Thai visitors’ expectations and experiences of explainer interaction within a science museum context (2015)
Journal Article
Sonchaeng, P., Kamolpattana, S., Chen, G., Sonchaen, P., Wilkinson, C., Willey, N., & Bultitude, K. (2015). Thai visitors’ expectations and experiences of explainer interaction within a science museum context. Public Understanding of Science, 24(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662514525560

© The Author(s) 2015. In Western literature, there is evidence that museum explainers offer significant potential for enhancing visitors’ learning through influencing their knowledge, content, action, behaviour and attitudes. However, little research... Read More about Thai visitors’ expectations and experiences of explainer interaction within a science museum context.

Soil to plant transfer of radionuclides: Predicting the fate of multiple radioisotopes in plants (2014)
Journal Article
Willey, N. (2014). Soil to plant transfer of radionuclides: Predicting the fate of multiple radioisotopes in plants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 133, 31-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.023

Predicting soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides is restricted by the range of species for which concentration ratios (CRs) have been measured. Here the radioecological utility of meta-analyses of phylogenetic effects on alkali earth metals will be... Read More about Soil to plant transfer of radionuclides: Predicting the fate of multiple radioisotopes in plants.

A new approach to predicting environmental transfer of radionuclides to wildlife: A demonstration for freshwater fish and caesium (2013)
Journal Article
Willey, N. J., Beresford, N. A., Yankovich, T. L., Wood, M. D., Fesenko, S., Andersson, P., …Willey, N. (2013). A new approach to predicting environmental transfer of radionuclides to wildlife: A demonstration for freshwater fish and caesium. Science of the Total Environment, 463-464, 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.013

The application of the concentration ratio (CR) to predict radionuclide activity concentrations in wildlife from those in soil or water has become the widely accepted approach for environmental assessments. Recently both the ICRP and IAEA have produc... Read More about A new approach to predicting environmental transfer of radionuclides to wildlife: A demonstration for freshwater fish and caesium.

Voltammetric behaviour of lead at a microband screen-printed carbon electrode and its trace determination in plants by stripping voltammetry (2012)
Presentation / Conference
Phillips, R., Honeychurch, K. C., Crew, A. P., Davies, R., Willey, N., & Hart, J. P. (2012, September). Voltammetric behaviour of lead at a microband screen-printed carbon electrode and its trace determination in plants by stripping voltammetry. Poster presented at Electrochem 2012: Electrochemical Horizons, Trinity College, Dublin

Low dose ionizing radiation produces too few reactive oxygen species to directly affect antioxidant concentrations in cells (2012)
Journal Article
Smith, J. T., Willey, N., & Hancock, J. T. (2012). Low dose ionizing radiation produces too few reactive oxygen species to directly affect antioxidant concentrations in cells. Biology Letters, 8(4), 594-597. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0150

It has been hypothesized that radiation-induced oxidative stress is the mechanism for a wide range of negative impacts on biota living in radioactively contaminated areas around Chernobyl. The present study tests this hypothesis mechanistically, for... Read More about Low dose ionizing radiation produces too few reactive oxygen species to directly affect antioxidant concentrations in cells.

Requirements for phylogenetic tree visualisation: A user driven approach (2010)
Presentation / Conference
Hale, P., Solomonides, T., Beeson, I., Willey, N., Bultitude, K., & Reynolds, D. M. (2010, November). Requirements for phylogenetic tree visualisation: A user driven approach. Poster presented at BBSRC/AHRC Workshop on "The Challenges of Visualising Biological Data", Bristol, UK

BBSRC/AHRC Workshop on "The Challenges of Visualising Biological Data" Date: 16-17 November 2010 Venue: The Thistle Grand Hotel, Bristol BBSRC - http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/events/1011-visualising-biological-data.aspx AHRC -http://www.ahrc.... Read More about Requirements for phylogenetic tree visualisation: A user driven approach.

Phylogeny can be used to make useful predictions of soil-to-plant transfer factors for radionuclides (2010)
Journal Article
Willey, N. (2010). Phylogeny can be used to make useful predictions of soil-to-plant transfer factors for radionuclides. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 49(4), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-010-0320-2

Soil-to-plant transfer of radionuclides can be related to plant evolutionary history (phylogeny). For some species and radionuclides the effect is significant enough to be useful in predicting Transfer Factors (TFs). Here a Residual Maximum Likelihoo... Read More about Phylogeny can be used to make useful predictions of soil-to-plant transfer factors for radionuclides.

The effects of plant traits and phylogeny on soil-to-plant transfer of 99Tc (2010)
Journal Article
Hicks, S., McEwen, A., Tang, S., & Willey, N. (2010). The effects of plant traits and phylogeny on soil-to-plant transfer of 99Tc. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101(9), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.04.019

Assessments of the behaviour of 99Tc in terrestrial environments necessitate predicting soil-to-plant transfer. An experiment with 116 plant taxa showed that 99Tc transfer to plants was positively related to plant dry weight but negatively related to... Read More about The effects of plant traits and phylogeny on soil-to-plant transfer of 99Tc.

Genomic and proteomic analyses of plant response to radiation in the environment-an abiotic stress context (2009)
Journal Article
Willey, N., Heinekamp, Y. J., & Burridge, A. (2009). Genomic and proteomic analyses of plant response to radiation in the environment-an abiotic stress context. Radioprotection, 44(5), 887-890. https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/20095158

Genomic and proteomic techniques provide the opportunity to investigate plant response to ionising radiation in unprecedented detail. Understanding plant molecular responses to ionising radiation might be useful for radioprotection but also for under... Read More about Genomic and proteomic analyses of plant response to radiation in the environment-an abiotic stress context.

Phylogenetic variation in the tolerance and uptake of organic contaminants (2009)
Journal Article
Collins, C. D., & Willey, N. (2009). Phylogenetic variation in the tolerance and uptake of organic contaminants. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 11(7), 623-639. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510902787286

An investigation into the phylogenetic variation of plant tolerance and the root and shoot uptake of organic contaminants was undertaken. The aim was to determine if particular families or genera were tolerant of, or accumulated organic pollutants. D... Read More about Phylogenetic variation in the tolerance and uptake of organic contaminants.

Phylogeny and growth strategy as predictors of differences in cobalt concentrations between plant species (2008)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Wilkins, J. (2008). Phylogeny and growth strategy as predictors of differences in cobalt concentrations between plant species. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(6), 2162-2167. https://doi.org/10.1021/es071531r

Analyses reported here quantify the contribution of plant phylogeny and plant growth strategy to soil-to-plant transfer of Co. Estimated relative mean (ERM) Co concentrations in shoots of 241 species of flowering plant were derived using a residual m... Read More about Phylogeny and growth strategy as predictors of differences in cobalt concentrations between plant species.

Some effects of nitrogen nutrition on caesium uptake and translocation by species in the Poaceae, Asteraceae and Caryophyllidae (2006)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Tang, S. (2006). Some effects of nitrogen nutrition on caesium uptake and translocation by species in the Poaceae, Asteraceae and Caryophyllidae. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 58(1-3), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.07.001

There is current interest in managing and manipulating 137Cs transfer from soil to plants. We hypothesized that N source might affect Cs uptake by plants and report experiments that confirm this. Uptake experiments using hydroponics with a variety of... Read More about Some effects of nitrogen nutrition on caesium uptake and translocation by species in the Poaceae, Asteraceae and Caryophyllidae.

An analysis of intertaxa differences in sulfur concentration in angiosperms (2006)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Wilkins, J. (2006). An analysis of intertaxa differences in sulfur concentration in angiosperms. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 169(5), 717-727. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200520590

Understanding the behavior of sulfur (S) in the soil-plant system is important for crop production, for predicting the movement of the radioisotope 35S in the environment, and for investigating the role of S in plant metabolism of xenobiotics. A data... Read More about An analysis of intertaxa differences in sulfur concentration in angiosperms.

A phylogenetic effect on strontium concentrations in angiosperms (2006)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Fawcett, K. (2006). A phylogenetic effect on strontium concentrations in angiosperms. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 57(3), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.06.005

A Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was used to compile Sr concentrations in 103 plant species from experiments with Sr concentrations in 66 plant species from the literature. There were 14 species in common between experiments and the lit... Read More about A phylogenetic effect on strontium concentrations in angiosperms.

Inter-taxa differences in root uptake of 103/106Ru by plants (2006)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Fawcett, K. (2006). Inter-taxa differences in root uptake of 103/106Ru by plants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 86(2), 227-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.09.002

Ruthenium-106 is of potential radioecological importance but soil-to-plant Transfer Factors for it are available only for few plant species. A Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) procedure was used to construct a database of relative 103/106Ru concent... Read More about Inter-taxa differences in root uptake of 103/106Ru by plants.

Species selection for phytoremediation of 36Cl/35Cl using angiosperm phylogeny and inter-taxa differences in uptake (2005)
Journal Article
Willey, N., & Fawcett, K. (2005). Species selection for phytoremediation of 36Cl/35Cl using angiosperm phylogeny and inter-taxa differences in uptake. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 7(4), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/16226510500327152

High concentrations of 35Cl and the radioisotope 36Cl (produced naturally by cosmic radiation and anthropogenically by U fission and the use of neutron sources) can be problematic in soil, but are potentially amenable to phytoremediation if appropria... Read More about Species selection for phytoremediation of 36Cl/35Cl using angiosperm phylogeny and inter-taxa differences in uptake.

Predicting inter-taxa differences in plant uptake of cesium-134/137 (2005)
Journal Article
Willey, N., Tang, S., & Watt, N. R. (2005). Predicting inter-taxa differences in plant uptake of cesium-134/137. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34(5), 1478-1489. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0454

For 134/137Cs, and many other soil contaminants, research into transfer to plants has focused on particular crops and phytoremediation candidates, producing uptake data for a small proportion of all plant taxa. Despite the significance of differences... Read More about Predicting inter-taxa differences in plant uptake of cesium-134/137.

Selecting plants to minimise radiocaesium in the food chain (2003)
Journal Article
Escobar-Gutiérrez, A. J., White, P. J., Swarup, K., Escobar-Gutierrez, A., Bowen, H. C., Willey, N., & Broadley, M. R. (2003). Selecting plants to minimise radiocaesium in the food chain. Plant and Soil, 249(1), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1022593307224

Caesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with chemical properties similar to potassium (K). It has no known role in plant nutrition and it is not toxic to plants at the micromolar concentrations occurring naturally in soil solutions. However, two radioisotope... Read More about Selecting plants to minimise radiocaesium in the food chain.

Topology: A novel method to describe branching patterns in Peronospora viciae colonies (2003)
Journal Article
Johnston, M. A., Ott, A., Spencer-Phillips, P. T., & Willey, N. (2003). Topology: A novel method to describe branching patterns in Peronospora viciae colonies. Mycological Research, 107(10), 1123-1131. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756203008384

Topology provides a novel means to describe branching patterns and has not been applied to fungal colonies previously. For any branched structure, various topologies are possible, and these lie between two extremes, a herringbone pattern (main axis w... Read More about Topology: A novel method to describe branching patterns in Peronospora viciae colonies.

Soil availability, plant uptake and soil to plant transfer of 99Tc - A review (2003)
Journal Article
Bennett, R., & Willey, N. (2003). Soil availability, plant uptake and soil to plant transfer of 99Tc - A review. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 65(2), 215-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X%2802%2900098-X

The fission yield of 99Tc from 239Pu and 235U is similar to that of 137Cs or 90Sr and it is therefore an important component of nuclear weapons fall-out, nuclear waste and releases from nuclear facilities. There is particular current interest in 99Tc... Read More about Soil availability, plant uptake and soil to plant transfer of 99Tc - A review.

Phytoextractio of 137Cs: The effect of soil 137Cs concentration on 137Cs uptake by Beta vulgaris (2002)
Journal Article
Watt, N. R., Willey, N., Hall, S. C., & Cobb, A. (2002). Phytoextractio of 137Cs: The effect of soil 137Cs concentration on 137Cs uptake by Beta vulgaris. Acta Biotechnologica, 22(1-2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3846%28200205%2922%3A1/2%3C183%3A%3AAID-ABIO183%3E3.0.CO%3B2-K

The last phase for MAGNOX ELECTRIC plc's reactor decommissioning strategy is site clearance and delicencing. Phytoextraction of 137Cs may be able to assist in meeting this objective. Field trials using Beta vulgaris conducted at Bradwell Nuclear Powe... Read More about Phytoextractio of 137Cs: The effect of soil 137Cs concentration on 137Cs uptake by Beta vulgaris.

Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms (2001)
Journal Article
Baker, A. J., Willey, N. J., Broadley, M. R., Willey, N., Wilkins, J. C., Baker, A. J. M., …White, P. J. (2001). Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms. New Phytologist, 152(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00238.x

• The influence of phylogeny on shoot heavy metal content in plants was investigated and the hypothesis tested that traits impacting on the accumulation of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in plant shoots are associated. • Data suitab... Read More about Phylogenetic variation in heavy metal accumulation in angiosperms.

Influx and accumulation of Cs+ by the akt1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. lacking a dominant K+ transport system (2001)
Journal Article
Willey, N. J., Escobar-Gutiérrez, A. J., Broadley, M. R., Escobar-Gutierrez, A., Bowen, H. C., Willey, N., & White, P. J. (2001). Influx and accumulation of Cs+ by the akt1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. lacking a dominant K+ transport system. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(357), 839-844. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.357.839

An extensive literature reports that Cs+, an environmental contaminant, enters plant cells through K+ transport systems. Several recently identified plant K+ transport systems are permeable to Cs+. Permeation models indicate that most Cs+ uptake into... Read More about Influx and accumulation of Cs+ by the akt1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. lacking a dominant K+ transport system.

Assessing the Potential of Phytoremediation at a Site in the U.K. Contaminated with 137Cs (2001)
Journal Article
Mudiganti, A., Willey, N., Hall, S., & Mudigantia, A. (2001). Assessing the Potential of Phytoremediation at a Site in the U.K. Contaminated with 137Cs. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 3(3), 321-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510108500062

Spinacia oleracea L. cv. 'Bloomsdale', Beta vulgaris L. cv. 'Flavescens', Brassica juncea L. 'OB825', and Helianthus annuus L. cv. 'Oranges and Lemons' were grown for 8 weeks at a site contaminated with 137Cs at Bradwell Nuclear Power Station, UK. Th... Read More about Assessing the Potential of Phytoremediation at a Site in the U.K. Contaminated with 137Cs.

A method to assess taxonomic variation in shoot caesium concentration among flowering plants (1999)
Journal Article
Willey, N. J., Broadley, M. R., Willey, N., & Mead, A. (1999). A method to assess taxonomic variation in shoot caesium concentration among flowering plants. Environmental Pollution, 106(3), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491%2899%2900105-0

A method was developed to obtain relative shoot caesium (Cs) concentration data from the literature and assess the influence of plant taxonomy on these values. A residual maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was performed on data from 14 published stud... Read More about A method to assess taxonomic variation in shoot caesium concentration among flowering plants.

A comparison of caesium uptake kinetics in eight species of grass (1999)
Journal Article
Dennis, E. R., Philippidis, C., Willey, N. J., Broadley, M. R., & Willey, N. (1999). A comparison of caesium uptake kinetics in eight species of grass. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 46(2), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X%2898%2900128-3

The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters (I(max) K(m) and C(min)) of CS uptake were estimated using a solution-depletion method, after 0, 1 and 4 d K-starvation in eight mature grass species of different relative growth rates (Bromus sterilis L., Elym... Read More about A comparison of caesium uptake kinetics in eight species of grass.

Differences in root uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa (1997)
Journal Article
Willey, N. J., Broadley, M. R., & Willey, N. (1997). Differences in root uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa. Environmental Pollution, 97(1-2), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491%2897%2900090-0

The concentration of Cs was measured in the shoots of 30 taxa of plants after exposing the roots for 6 h to 0.1 μg radiolabelled Cs g-1 soil. There were maximum differences between Chenopodium quinoa and Koeleria macrantha of 20-fold in Cs concentrat... Read More about Differences in root uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa.

A comparison of stable caesium uptake by six grass species of contrasting growth strategy (1997)
Journal Article
Martin, M. H., Willey, N. J., Willey, N., & Martin, M. H. (1997). A comparison of stable caesium uptake by six grass species of contrasting growth strategy. Environmental Pollution, 95(3), 311-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491%2896%2900144-3

Six plant species in the family Gramineae were used to investigate the relationship between Cs uptake, nutrient regime and plant growth strategy sensu Grime. The roots of 66 day old Elymus repens (L.) Gould., Bromus sterilis L., Agrostis stolonifera... Read More about A comparison of stable caesium uptake by six grass species of contrasting growth strategy.

Annual patterns of Cs-133 concentration in british upland vegetation (1995)
Journal Article
Martin, M. H., Willey, N. J., Willey, N., & Martin, M. H. (1995). Annual patterns of Cs-133 concentration in british upland vegetation. Chemosphere, 30(4), 717-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535%2894%2900437-Y

Samples of Juncus effusus, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Molinia caerulea, Pteridium aquilinum and Festuca ovina (all species characteristic of upland Britain) were taken from the field over a one year period a... Read More about Annual patterns of Cs-133 concentration in british upland vegetation.