Manual takeover and handover of a simulated fully autonomous vehicle within urban and extra urban settings

Morgan, Phil; Alford, Christopher; Williams, Craig; Parkhurst, Graham; Pipe, Anthony G

Abstract

Relatively little is known about human behavior and performance when retaking control of highly autonomous vehicles (AVs) at different speeds and under varied driving conditions. Past research has tended to focus on long periods of high-speed extra-urban autonomous driving before participants switch to manual mode. The current study investigated time to ‘takeover’ (reengage with vehicle controls) and ‘handover’ (regain baseline level of driving) when switching fre-quently between automated and manual modes within extra-urban and slower ur-ban settings. Thirty-one drivers completed scenarios at different speeds (20-30-mph/urban; 40-50-mph/extra urban). Dependent measures included speed and lat-eral lane position. Takeover time was consistent in 30-50-mph conditions (~2-seconds) but significantly slower at 20-mph. Some other measures took 15-20-seconds to match baseline in 20-30-mph conditions and participants tended to drive slower than recommended speed limits after takeover. Baseline performance was not achieved at 50-mph. Implications for handover system design and AV insurance frameworks are discussed.

Citation

Morgan, P., Alford, C., Williams, C., Parkhurst, G., & Pipe, A. G. (2017). Manual takeover and handover of a simulated fully autonomous vehicle within urban and extra urban settings. In N. A. Stanton (Ed.), Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, 760-771. Springer

• Conference Name: 8th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics
• Start Date: Jul 17, 2017
• End Date: Jul 21, 2017
• Acceptance Date: Feb 26, 2017
• Publication Date: Jan 1, 2017
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 597
• Pages: 760-771
• Series Title: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
• Book Title: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Proceedings of the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation
• ISBN: 9783319604404
• Keywords: automated vehicle, takeover, handover, urban settings, driving simulation
• Publisher URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60441-1_73
• Additional Information: Title of Conference or Conference Proceedings : 8th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics