Dual Action Additives for Jet A-1: Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors

Repetto, Sonia L.; Lam, Joseph K.W.; Repetto, Sonia; Patel, Rishi; Johnson, Tim; Lam, J-KW; Costello, James F.; Chuck, Christopher J.

Abstract

© 2016 American Chemical Society. A novel approach for protecting jet fuel against the effects of water contamination based upon Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII) is presented. This dual-action strategy is predicated on the addition of a fuel-soluble water scavenger that undergoes a kinetically fast hydrolysis reaction with free water to produce a hydrophilic ice inhibitor, thereby further militating against the effects of water crystallization. Criteria for an optimum FDII were identified and then used to screen a range of potential water-scavenging agents, which led to a closer examination of systems based upon exo/endo-cyclic ketals and both endo- and exo-cyclic ortho esters. The ice inhibition properties of the subsequent products of the hydrolysis reaction in Jet A-1 were screened by differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrolysis products of 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane demonstrate similar ice inhibition performance to DiEGME over a range of blend levels. The calorific values for the products of hydrolysis were also investigated, and it is clear that there would be a significant fuel saving on use of the additive over current fuel system icing inhibitors. Finally, three promising candidates, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, and 2-methoxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, were shown to effectively dehydrate Jet A-1 at room temperature over a 2 h period.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 22, 2016
• Online Publication Date: Oct 12, 2016
• Publication Date: Nov 17, 2016
• Deposit Date: Sep 5, 2016
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 12, 2017
• Journal: Energy and Fuels
• Print ISSN: 0887-0624
• Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
• Publisher: American Chemical Society
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 30
• Issue: 11
• Pages: 9080-9088
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01727
• Keywords: fuel, dehydrating, icing inhibitors
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/922627
• Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01727
• Additional Information: Additional Information : This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Energy and Fuels, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01727
• Contract Date: Sep 26, 2016