The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Adukwu, E.C.; Allen, S.C.H.; Phillips, C.A.

Abstract

Aims: To determine the sensitivity of five strains of Staphylococcus aureus to five essential oils (EOs) and to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass and grapefruit EOs. Methods and Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility screening was carried out using the disk diffusion method. All of the strains tested were susceptible to lemongrass, grapefruit, bergamot and lime EOs with zones of inhibition varying from 2·85 to 8·60 cm although they were resistant to lemon EO. Lemongrass EO inhibited biofilm formation at 0·125% (v/v) as measured by colorimetric assay and at 0·25% (v/v) no metabolic activity was observed as determined by 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction. Grapefruit EO did not show any anti-biofilm activity. Following exposure to lemongrass EO extensive disruption to Staph. aureus biofilms was shown under scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions: In comparison to the other EOs tested, lemongrass exhibited the most effective antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. Significance and Impact of the Study: The effect of lemongrass EO highlights its potential against antibiotic resistant Staph. aureus in the healthcare environment. © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Citation

Adukwu, E., Allen, S., & Phillips, C. (2012). The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113(5), 1217-1227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05418.x

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 27, 2012
• Online Publication Date: Aug 21, 2012
• Publication Date: Nov 1, 2012
• Deposit Date: Oct 3, 2020
• Journal: Journal of Applied Microbiology
• Print ISSN: 1364-5072
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-2672
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 113
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 1217-1227
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05418.x
• Keywords: Biotechnology; Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology; General Medicine
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/4749779