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A corroborative approach to verification and validation of human–robot teams

Webster, Matt; Western, David; Araiza-Illan, Dejanira; Dixon, Clare; Eder, Kerstin; Fisher, Michael; Pipe, Anthony G

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Authors

Matt Webster

Profile image of David Western

David Western David.Western@uwe.ac.uk
Wallscourt Fellow in Health Technology

Dejanira Araiza-Illan

Clare Dixon

Kerstin Eder

Michael Fisher



Abstract

© The Author(s) 2019. We present an approach for the verification and validation (V&V) of robot assistants in the context of human–robot interactions, to demonstrate their trustworthiness through corroborative evidence of their safety and functional correctness. Key challenges include the complex and unpredictable nature of the real world in which assistant and service robots operate, the limitations on available V&V techniques when used individually, and the consequent lack of confidence in the V&V results. Our approach, called corroborative V&V, addresses these challenges by combining several different V&V techniques; in this paper we use formal verification (model checking), simulation-based testing, and user validation in experiments with a real robot. This combination of approaches allows V&V of the human–robot interaction task at different levels of modeling detail and thoroughness of exploration, thus overcoming the individual limitations of each technique. We demonstrate our approach through a handover task, the most critical part of a complex cooperative manufacturing scenario, for which we propose safety and liveness requirements to verify and validate. Should the resulting V&V evidence present discrepancies, an iterative process between the different V&V techniques takes place until corroboration between the V&V techniques is gained from refining and improving the assets (i.e., system and requirement models) to represent the human–robot interaction task in a more truthful manner. Therefore, corroborative V&V affords a systematic approach to “meta-V&V,” in which different V&V techniques can be used to corroborate and check one another, increasing the level of certainty in the results of V&V.

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jul 23, 2019
Online Publication Date Nov 25, 2019
Publication Date Jan 1, 2020
Deposit Date Aug 28, 2019
Publicly Available Date Nov 26, 2019
Journal International Journal of Robotics Research
Print ISSN 0278-3649
Electronic ISSN 1741-3176
Publisher SAGE Publications
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 39
Issue 1
Pages 73-99
DOI https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364919883338
Keywords human–robot interaction, verification, validation, model checking, simulation, testing
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/2525693
Publisher URL https://doi.org/10.1177/0278364919883338

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