Quantum blockchain: Trends, technologies, and future directions

S, Manjula Gandhi; Mulay, Chaitrali; Durai, Karthiganesh; Murali, G.; Ibrahim Syed Masood, Jafar Ali; Vijayarajan, V.; Gautam, Kumar; Kalyan Chakravarthy, N. S.; Suresh Kumar, S.; Agarwal, Saurabh; S, Murali; V, Vijayasherly; Asirvatham, David; Brohi, Sarfraz; C, Chandru Vignesh; S, Anbuchelian

doi:10.1049/qtc2.12119

Quantum blockchain: Trends, technologies, and future directions

S, Manjula Gandhi; Mulay, Chaitrali; Durai, Karthiganesh; Murali, G.; Ibrahim Syed Masood, Jafar Ali; Vijayarajan, V.; Gautam, Kumar; Kalyan Chakravarthy, N. S.; Suresh Kumar, S.; Agarwal, Saurabh; S, Murali; V, Vijayasherly; Asirvatham, David; Brohi, Sarfraz; C, Chandru Vignesh; S, Anbuchelian

Authors

Manjula Gandhi S

Chaitrali Mulay

Karthiganesh Durai

G. Murali

Jafar Ali Ibrahim Syed Masood

V. Vijayarajan

Kumar Gautam

N. S. Kalyan Chakravarthy

S. Suresh Kumar

Saurabh Agarwal

Murali S

Vijayasherly V

David Asirvatham

Sarfraz Brohi

Chandru Vignesh C

Anbuchelian S

Abstract

AbstractBlockchain technology is a highly developed database system that shares information within a business web. It stores details in blocks connected chronologically, ensuring information integrity through consensus mechanisms that prevent unauthorised alterations. This decentralised system removes the need for a believable mediator, mitigating vulnerabilities and enhancing transaction security. Blockchain’s application spans the energy, finance, media, entertainment, and retail sectors. However, classical blockchain faces threats from quantum computing advancements, necessitating the development of quantum blockchain technology. Quantum blockchain, leveraging quantum computation and information theory, offers enhanced security and immutability. In this paper, different mathematical foundations, practical implementations and effectiveness of lattice‐based cryptography in securing blockchain applications are discussed. Analysis of how the cryptographic techniques can protect blockchain systems against quantum attacks is being done by using mathematical formulations and examples. Quantum computing strengthens blockchain security with advanced encryption and authentication, which is critical for safeguarding diverse sectors from evolving cyber threats. Further study on quantum‐resistant design is necessary if blockchain networks are to be robust and intact in the face of future technological developments.

Journal Article Type	Article
Acceptance Date	Nov 25, 2024
Online Publication Date	Dec 11, 2024
Publication Date	Dec 31, 2024
Deposit Date	Feb 7, 2025
Publicly Available Date	Feb 13, 2025
Journal	IET Quantum Communication
Electronic ISSN	2632-8925
Publisher	Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	5
Issue	4
Pages	516-542
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1049/qtc2.12119
Public URL	https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/13609508