The therapeutic potential of oxyhydrogen gas in oncology: A study on Epstein–Barr Virus-immortalised B-lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells

Russell, Grace; Thomas, Adam D.; Nenov, Alexander; Mannings, Georgia; Hancock, John T.

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. B-cells are a keystone of the adaptive immune response and are essential for the presentation of tumor-associated antigens to various types of T-cells. Approximately 1.5% of global cancer cases, including breast and gastric carcinomas and both Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, are linked with prior Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Such properties make EBV-infected lymphocytes ideal models for understanding the effect of oxyhydrogen gas on dysfunctional cell cycling. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the direct infusion of oxyhydrogen gas on the replicative capacity of EBV-immortalised B-lymphocytes. Oxyhydrogen gas was directly infused into cell culture media. Cells were incubated in 95% air and 5% CO2 for up to 72 h. Cell enumeration was assessed with and without the addition of mitogenic growth stimuli, and subsequent cell-cycle analysis was performed. Cell enumeration: An initial trend of replicative inhibition of TK6 cells is noted with a single oxyhydrogen treatment at the 24 and 48 h time points. The daily addition of oxyhydrogen-infused media showed statistically relevant data at 24 and 48 h but not at 72 h. In mitogen-stimulated cells, a non-statistical trend of inhibition was observed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Analysis details a significant increase in DNA in the Sub G1 phase, indicating increased apoptosis.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Oct 2, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Oct 4, 2023
• Publication Date: Oct 4, 2023
• Deposit Date: Oct 6, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Oct 6, 2023
• Journal: Hydrogen (Switzerland)
• Electronic ISSN: 2673-4141
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 4
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 746-759
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4040047
• Keywords: antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; apoptosis; hydrogen; malignancy; oxyhydrogen; tumor
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/11153694
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/hydrogen