The manufacturing and characterisation of eugenol-enclosed liposomes produced by microfluidic method

Ghodke, Jessica; Ekonomou, Sotirios I.; Weaver, Edward; Lamprou, Dimitrios; Doran, Olena; Stratakos, Alexandros Ch.

Abstract

In this study, liposomes enclosing eugenol were prepared using microfluidics. Two lipids—1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 18:0 (DSPC) and 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 14:0 (DMPC)—and microfluidic chips with serpentine and Y-shaped micromixing designs were used for the liposomal formulation. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values indicated that eugenol was more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Four different flow-rate ratios (FRR 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1) were explored. All liposomes’ encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined: 94.34% for DSPC 3:1 and 78.63% for DMPC 5:1. The highest eugenol release of 99.86% was observed at pH 4, DMPC 3:1 (Y-shaped chip). Liposomes were physically stable at 4, 20 and 37 °C for 60 days as determined by their size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP). The most stable liposomes were observed at FRR 5:1 for DSPC. EE, stability, and eugenol release studies proved that the liposomal formulations produced can be used as delivery vehicles to increase food safety.

Citation

Ghodke, J., Ekonomou, S. I., Weaver, E., Lamprou, D., Doran, O., & Stratakos, A. C. (2023). The manufacturing and characterisation of eugenol-enclosed liposomes produced by microfluidic method. Foods, 12(15), Article 2940. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152940

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 1, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Aug 3, 2023
• Publication Date: Aug 3, 2023
• Deposit Date: Aug 30, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 5, 2023
• Journal: Foods
• Electronic ISSN: 2304-8158
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 15
• Article Number: 2940
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12152940
• Keywords: liposomes, emerging technologies, food safety, storage stability, eugenol, microfluidics
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/11067652