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Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: A PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study

Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zandian, Hamed; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi; Pourfarzi, Farhad

Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with waterpipe tobacco smoking among Iranian adults: A PERSIAN cohort-based cross-sectional study Thumbnail


Authors

Telma Zahirian Moghadam

Hamed Zandian

Mehdi Fazlzadeh

Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan

Farhad Pourfarzi



Abstract

BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is associated with several deleterious health outcomes. We sought to estimate the prevalence of WTS and explore socioeconomic inequalities associated with this culturally-rooted tobacco smoking practice among Iranian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 20,460 adults (ages 18 and older) enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort study during 2020. Data were collected on socioeconomic status (SES), lifestyle, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and several risk factors related to non-communicable diseases. The concentration curve and relative concentration index (RCI) were administered to assess and quantify the SES-based inequality in WTS. RESULTS: Overall age-adjusted prevalence of past-month WTS was 5.1% (95%CI:4.6-5.8), with about 1% for women and 10.6 for men. Age-adjusted prevalence of WTS was higher among younger adults, men, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. The RCI estimation showed that WTS is more popular among adults with high income and education. WTS was higher among younger adults, cigarette smokers, obese adults, and those with higher SES. CONCLUSION: There is a clear socioeconomic inequality in WTS, with a higher prevalence among adults with higher income and education. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address this inequality and reduce the prevalence of WTS among high-income communities.

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 22, 2023
Online Publication Date Jul 5, 2023
Publication Date Jul 5, 2023
Deposit Date Jul 20, 2023
Publicly Available Date Jul 21, 2023
Journal BMC Public Health
Electronic ISSN 1471-2458
Publisher BioMed Central
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 23
Issue 1
Article Number 1295
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16176-8
Keywords Waterpipe, Socioeconomic factors, Health status disparities, Environment, Tobacco, Smoking, Prevalence, Non-smoked
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/10912242

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