Performance of vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs) operating in a hostile environment

Gorine, Adam; Adeyemo, Ayoade

Abstract

This research will compare two main VANET protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), subjected to two malicious attacks: black hole and wormhole attacks. Then, propose a mitigation method to countermeasure these attacks. This research uses NS3 to simulate a network of 100 nodes spread across a terrain of 300 × 1500 m2 with a simulation time of 10s. The simulation aims to measure the average throughput (ATP), end-to-end average delay (AEED), packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet loss ratio (PLR) from the data gathered during the simulations to evaluate the performance of the network. The results generated from this investigation show that DSR performs better than AODV regarding the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and packet loss balance when subjecting these two protocols to black hole and wormhole attacks. However, AODV outperforms DSR when measuring the average throughput under the same attacks. To countermeasure the effect of the malicious node on the VANET protocol, a proposed algorithm called soft encryption is applied to mitigate these attacks. The proposed algorithm aims to detect misbehaving nodes, isolating them from the network and dropping their packets. On the other hand, reward the well-behaving nodes by forwarding their traffic.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 7, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Apr 21, 2023
• Publication Date: Jul 1, 2023
• Deposit Date: Apr 14, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Apr 22, 2024
• Journal: SN Computer Science
• Electronic ISSN: 2661-8907
• Publisher: Springer
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 4
• Issue: 4
• Article Number: 347
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-01784-3
• Keywords: AODV protocol; DSR protocol; VANET; Blackhole Attack; Wormhole Attack; NS3
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/10624360
• Publisher URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42979-023-01784-3