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In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris

Tran, Hoang N. H.; Graham, Lee; Adukwu, Emmanuel C.

In vitro antifungal activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf essential oils against Candida albicans and Candida auris Thumbnail


Authors

Hoang N. H. Tran

Lee Graham



Abstract

Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs) was determined against both C. albicans and C. auris. The disc diffusion (direct and vapour) and broth microdilution method was used to determine antifungal activity of the EOs against selected strains (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans ATCC 2091 and C. auris NCPF 8971) whilst the mode of action and haemolysin activity of the CEOs were determined using electron microscopy and light microscopy. Direct and vapour diffusion assays showed greater inhibitory activity of bark CEO in comparison with leaf CEO. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of bark CEO for all tested strains was below 0.03% (v/v), which was lower than the MICs of the leaf CEO (0.06–0.13%, v/v) dependent on the strain and the MFCs at 0.25% (v/v). In the morphological interference assays, damage to the cell membrane was observed and both CEOs inhibited hyphae formation. The haemolysin production assay showed that CEOs can reduce the haemolytic activity in the tested C. albicans and C. auris strains. At low concentrations, CEOs have potent antifungal and antihaemolytic activities in vitro against C. albicans and C. auris. Key points • Essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume bark and leaf (CBEO and CLEO) demonstrated fungicidal properties at very low concentrations. • The antifungal activity of CBEO was greater than that of CLEO consistent with other recent published literature. • The mode of action of CBEO and CLEO was damage to the membrane of C. albicans and C. auris. • Both CBEO and CLEO inhibited the formation of hyphae and reduced haemolysin production in C. albicans and C. auris. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 7, 2020
Online Publication Date Sep 3, 2020
Publication Date Oct 1, 2020
Deposit Date Aug 7, 2020
Publicly Available Date Sep 25, 2020
Journal Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Print ISSN 0175-7598
Electronic ISSN 1432-0614
Publisher Springer (part of Springer Nature)
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 104
Pages 8911–8924
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10829-z
Keywords Candida infections, Antifungal, Antihaemolytic, Essential oil, Cinnamon
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/6509056

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