Sex estimation from virtual models: Exploring the potential of stereolithic (STL) 3D crania models for morphoscopic trait scoring

Robles, Madeline; Carew, Rachael M; Rando, Carolyn; Nakhaeizadeh, Sherry; Morgan, Ruth M

Abstract

Modern computed tomography (CT) databases are becoming an accepted resource for the practice and development of identification methods in forensic anthropology. However, the utility of 3D models created using free and open-source visualization software such as 3D Slicer has not yet been thoroughly assessed for morphoscopic biological profiling methods where virtual methods of analysis are becoming more common. This paper presents a study that builds on the initial findings from Robles et al. (2020) to determine the feasibility of estimating sex on stereolithic (STL) 3D cranial models produced from CT scans from a modern, living UK population (n = 80) using equation 2 from the Walker's (2008) morphoscopic method. Kendall's coefficients of concordance (KCC) indicated substantial agreement using cranial features scores in an inter-observer test and a video-inter-observer test. Fleiss' Kappa scores showed moderate agreement (0.50) overall between inter-observer sex estimations, and for observer sex estimations in comparison to recorded sexes (0.56). It was found that novice users could virtually employ morphoscopic sex estimation methods effectively on STL 3D cranial models from modern individuals. This study also highlights the potential that digital databases of modern living populations can offer forensic anthropology.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 18, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Jun 23, 2023
• Publication Date: Jun 30, 2023
• Deposit Date: Jun 27, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 28, 2023
• Journal: Forensic Sciences Research
• Print ISSN: 2096-1790
• Electronic ISSN: 2471-1411
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 8
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 123-132
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad017
• Keywords: Forensic Anthropology; 3D Imaging, Forensic Imaging, Forensic Science
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/10891556
• Publisher URL: https://academic.oup.com/fsr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/fsr/owad017/7206008?login=false