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What happens to travel behaviour when parking is removed?

Melia, Steven; Clark, Ben

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Authors

Steven Melia Steve.Melia@uwe.ac.uk
Senior Lecturer in Transport Planning

Ben Clark Ben4.Clark@uwe.ac.uk
Associate Professor of Transport Planning and Engineering



Abstract

What happens to travel behaviour when the right to park is removed? This controversial question, fundamental to travel demand management and land-use planning, has only been partially addressed by the literature so far. The impacts on travel to the destination concerned have been studied, but not the impacts on wider travel behaviour. This study reports on a natural experiment related to destination parking, where a university removed the right of most new undergraduates living in an ‘Exclusion Zone’ (a large majority) to park on its main suburban campus. 927 undergraduates, who started before and after the change in policy were surveyed in two waves to assess the impact of the policy on travel to campus, travel elsewhere, car ownership and licence-holding. Observations were also made of overspill parking on surrounding streets and a nearby superstore car park. The policy change was associated with a fall in the modal share of driving to campus of 9 percentage points. Car availability also reduced, although countervailing factors (which may have included road space freed up by the policy change) encouraged modal shift towards driving between the two waves. The policy change also introduced a gender difference in driving to campus for the first time; males without parking permits were more likely to drive than females without permits. The study supports the policy recommendation that modal shift ‘carrots’ are more effective when accompanied by ‘sticks’. It shows that restricting parking at frequently-visited destinations may reduce parking pressures and traffic generation elsewhere in a city or region.

Presentation Conference Type Conference Paper (unpublished)
Conference Name 49th University Transport Studies Group Conference
Start Date Jan 4, 2017
End Date Jan 6, 2017
Acceptance Date Nov 1, 2016
Publication Date Jan 5, 2017
Deposit Date Feb 15, 2017
Publicly Available Date Feb 15, 2017
Peer Reviewed Not Peer Reviewed
Keywords parking, students, modal shift, destination parking, university campuses
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/900274
Publisher URL http://www.utsg.net/web/index.php?page=annual-conference
Additional Information Title of Conference or Conference Proceedings : Universities Transport Study Group Conference
Contract Date Feb 15, 2017

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