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Surface water characteristics and trace metals level of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Onojake, M. C.; Sikoki, F. D.; Omokheyeke, O.; Akpiri, R. U.

Authors

M. C. Onojake

F. D. Sikoki

O. Omokheyeke



Abstract

Surface water samples from three stations in the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary were analyzed for the physicochemical characteristics and trace metal level in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Results show pH ranged from 7.56 to 7.88mg/L; conductivity, 33,489.00 to 33,592.00µScm−1; salinity, 15.33 to 15.50‰; turbidity, 4.35 to 6.65 NTU; total dissolved solids, 22111.00 to 23263.00gm−3; dissolved oxygen, 4.53 to 6.65mg/L; and biochemical oxygen demand, 1.72mg/L. The level of some trace metals (Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Na) were also analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometry with K, Zn, and Co being statistically significant (P<0.05). The results were compared with USEPA and WHO Permissible Limitsfor water quality standards. It was observed that the water quality parameters in the Bonny Estuary show seasonal variation with higher values for pH, DO, BOD, temperature, and salinity during the dry season than wet season. Concentrations of trace metals such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Cr were higher than stipulated limits by WHO (2006). The result of the Metal Pollution Index suggests that the river was slightly affected and therefore continuous monitoring is necessary to avert possible public health implications of these metals on consumers of water and seafood from the study area.

Citation

Onojake, M. C., Sikoki, F. D., Omokheyeke, O., & Akpiri, R. U. (2017). Surface water characteristics and trace metals level of the Bonny/New Calabar River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Applied Water Science, 7(2), 951-959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0306-y

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 23, 2015
Online Publication Date Jul 9, 2015
Publication Date May 1, 2017
Deposit Date Jan 27, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Applied Water Science
Print ISSN 2190-5487
Electronic ISSN 2190-5495
Publisher Springer (part of Springer Nature)
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 7
Issue 2
Pages 951-959
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0306-y
Keywords Water quality , USEPA, Pollution metal index, Spectrophotometer, Bonny , Estuary
Public URL https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/5253560
Publisher URL https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-015-0306-y

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Copyright Statement
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a
link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were
made.






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