It sounds squishy: Understanding cross-modal correspondences of deformable shapes and sounds

Palmer, Maisie; Mitchell, Thomas; Alexander, Jason; Steer, Cameron

Abstract

Computing interfaces are becoming increasingly sophisticated, with systems that engage multiple sensory channels simultaneously. Deformable and shape-changing interfaces offer rich tactile experiences, but there is limited understanding of how they can be combined with other modes of sensory feedback. We systematically explored the audio, visual and tactile cross-modal correspondences of deformable shapes with a particular focus on auditory feedback. 50 participants were asked to associate deformable tactile stimuli, varying in stiffness and shape, with the sound qualities pitch, brightness, fade-in time and fade-out time, under visuo-tactile and tactile-only conditions. Our findings provide the first insights on how (1) shape, both its form and visibility, play a significant role in associations for pitch and brightness; (2) stiffness plays a dominant role in associations over a sound's fade-in and fade-out times. These findings are distilled into the first design guidelines for integrating auditory feedback into physical interfaces.

• Presentation Conference Type: Conference Paper (unpublished)
• Conference Name: Designing Interactive Systems Conference
• Start Date: Jul 5, 2025
• End Date: Jul 9, 2025
• Acceptance Date: May 8, 2025
• Online Publication Date: Jul 4, 2025
• Publication Date: Jul 5, 2025
• Deposit Date: Jun 6, 2025
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 7, 2025
• Journal: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Pages: 766-788
• Book Title: Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3715336.3735797
• Keywords: Multisensory Interaction, Deformable, Shape, Sound, Crossmodal Correspondences, Force, Touch, Visuo-tactile, Tactile-only
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/14548395
• Publisher URL: https://www.acm.org/