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Scaling up self-stratifying supercapacitive microbial fuel cell (2020)
Journal Article
Walter, X. A., Santoro, C., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. A. (2020). Scaling up self-stratifying supercapacitive microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(46), 25240-25248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.06.070

Self-stratifying microbial fuel cells with three different electrodes sizes and volumes were operated in supercapacitive mode. As the electrodes size increased, the equivalent series resistance decreased, and the overall power was enhanced (small: ES... Read More about Scaling up self-stratifying supercapacitive microbial fuel cell.

Air-breathing cathode self-powered supercapacitive microbial fuel cell with human urine as electrolyte (2020)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Walter, X. A., Soavi, F., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. (2020). Air-breathing cathode self-powered supercapacitive microbial fuel cell with human urine as electrolyte. Electrochimica Acta, 353, Article 136530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136530

In this work, a membraneless microbial fuel cell (MFC) with an empty volume of 1.5 mL, fed continuously with hydrolysed urine, was tested in supercapacitive mode (SC-MFC). In order to enhance the power output, a double strategy was used: i) a double... Read More about Air-breathing cathode self-powered supercapacitive microbial fuel cell with human urine as electrolyte.

A new method for urine electrofiltration and long term power enhancement using surface modified anodes with activated carbon in ceramic microbial fuel cells (2020)
Journal Article
Gajda, I., You, J., Santoro, C., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. A. (2020). A new method for urine electrofiltration and long term power enhancement using surface modified anodes with activated carbon in ceramic microbial fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 353, Article 136388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136388

This work is presenting for the first time the use of inexpensive and efficient anode material for boosting power production, as well as improving electrofiltration of human urine in tubular microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The MFCs were constructed usin... Read More about A new method for urine electrofiltration and long term power enhancement using surface modified anodes with activated carbon in ceramic microbial fuel cells.

Urine in bioelectrochemical systems: An overall review (2020)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Garcia, M. J. S., Walter, X. A., You, J., Theodosiou, P., Gajda, I., …Ieropoulos, I. (2020). Urine in bioelectrochemical systems: An overall review. ChemElectroChem, 7(6), 1312-1331. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901995

In recent years, human urine has been successfully used as an electrolyte and organic substrate in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) mainly due of its unique properties. Urine contains organic compounds that can be utilised as a fuel for energy recov... Read More about Urine in bioelectrochemical systems: An overall review.

Scalability and stacking of self-stratifying microbial fuel cells treating urine (2020)
Journal Article
Walter, X. A., Santoro, C., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. A. (2020). Scalability and stacking of self-stratifying microbial fuel cells treating urine. Bioelectrochemistry, 133, Article 107491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107491

The scalability of Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is key to the development of stacks. A recent study has shown that self-stratifying membraneless MFCs (S-MFCs) could be scaled down to 2 cm without performance deterioration. However, the scaling-up limi... Read More about Scalability and stacking of self-stratifying microbial fuel cells treating urine.

Supercapacitive paper based microbial fuel cell: High current/power production within a low cost design (2019)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Winfield, J., Theodosiou, P., & Ieropoulos, I. (2019). Supercapacitive paper based microbial fuel cell: High current/power production within a low cost design. Bioresource Technology Reports, 7, Article 100297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100297

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with paper separators and liquid containing elements were investigated in supercapacitive mode. MFCs (15 mL) in a supercapacitive configuration, consisted of plain wrapped carbon veil anode (negative) and conductive latex... Read More about Supercapacitive paper based microbial fuel cell: High current/power production within a low cost design.

Iron-streptomycin derived catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in ceramic microbial fuel cells operating with urine (2019)
Journal Article
Salar Garcia, M. J., Santoro, C., Kodali, M., Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Atanassov, P., & Ieropoulos, I. (2019). Iron-streptomycin derived catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in ceramic microbial fuel cells operating with urine. Journal of Power Sources, 425, 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.03.052

© 2019 The Authors In recent years, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has drawn the attention of the scientific community due to its ability to produce clean energy and treat different types of waste at the same time. Often, expensive catalyst... Read More about Iron-streptomycin derived catalyst for efficient oxygen reduction reaction in ceramic microbial fuel cells operating with urine.

Self-stratified and self-powered micro-supercapacitor integrated into a microbial fuel cell operating in human urine (2019)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Walter, X. A., Soavi, F., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. (2019). Self-stratified and self-powered micro-supercapacitor integrated into a microbial fuel cell operating in human urine. Electrochimica Acta, 307, 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.194

© 2019 The Authors A self-stratified microbial fuel cell fed with human urine with a total internal volume of 0.55 ml was investigated as an internal supercapacitor, for the first time. The internal self-stratification allowed the development of two... Read More about Self-stratified and self-powered micro-supercapacitor integrated into a microbial fuel cell operating in human urine.

Evaluation of electrode and solution area-based resistances enables quantitative comparisons of factors impacting microbial fuel cell performance (2019)
Journal Article
Rossi, R., Cario, B. P., Santoro, C., Yang, W., Saikaly, P. E., & Logan, B. E. (2019). Evaluation of electrode and solution area-based resistances enables quantitative comparisons of factors impacting microbial fuel cell performance. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(7), 3977-3986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06004

Direct comparisons of microbial fuel cells based on maximum power densities are hindered by different reactor and electrode sizes, solution conductivities, and materials. We propose an alternative method here, the electrode potential slope (EPS) anal... Read More about Evaluation of electrode and solution area-based resistances enables quantitative comparisons of factors impacting microbial fuel cell performance.

Scalability of self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: Towards height miniaturisation (2019)
Journal Article
Walter, X. A., Santoro, C., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. A. (2019). Scalability of self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: Towards height miniaturisation. Bioelectrochemistry, 127, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.01.004

© 2019 The Authors The scalability of bioelectrochemical systems is a key parameter for their practical implementation in the real-world. Up until now, only urine-fed self-stratifying microbial fuel cells (SSM-MFCs) have been shown to be scalable in... Read More about Scalability of self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: Towards height miniaturisation.

Increased power generation in supercapacitive microbial fuel cell stack using Fe–N–C cathode catalyst (2018)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Kodali, M., Shamoon, N., Serov, A., Soavi, F., Merino-Jimenez, I., …Atanassov, P. (2019). Increased power generation in supercapacitive microbial fuel cell stack using Fe–N–C cathode catalyst. Journal of Power Sources, 412, 416-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.11.069

© 2018 The Authors The anode and cathode electrodes of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) stack, composed of 28 single MFCs, were used as the negative and positive electrodes, respectively of an internal self-charged supercapacitor. Particularly, carbon vei... Read More about Increased power generation in supercapacitive microbial fuel cell stack using Fe–N–C cathode catalyst.

Self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: The importance of the cathode electrode immersion height (2018)
Journal Article
Walter, X. A., Santoro, C., Greenman, J., & Ieropoulos, I. (2019). Self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: The importance of the cathode electrode immersion height. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(9), 4524-4532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.033

© 2018 The Author(s) Power generation of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is a very important electrochemical parameter to consider particularly when the output has to be harvested for practical applications. This work studies the effect of cathode... Read More about Self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: The importance of the cathode electrode immersion height.

Multi-functional microbial fuel cells for power, treatment and electro-osmotic purification of urine (2018)
Journal Article
Gajda, I., Greenman, J., Santoro, C., Serov, A., Atanassov, P., Melhuish, C., & Ieropoulos, I. (2019). Multi-functional microbial fuel cells for power, treatment and electro-osmotic purification of urine. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 94(7), 2098-2106. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5792

© 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. BACKGROUND: In this work, a small-scale ceramic microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a novel type of metal–... Read More about Multi-functional microbial fuel cells for power, treatment and electro-osmotic purification of urine.

Microbial desalination cell with sulfonated sodium (poly(ether ether ketone) as cation exchange membranes for enhancing power generation and salt reduction (2018)
Journal Article
Moruno Lopez, F., Rubio, J. E., Atanassov, P., Cerrato, J. M., Arges, C., & Santoro, C. (2018). Microbial desalination cell with sulfonated sodium (poly(ether ether ketone) as cation exchange membranes for enhancing power generation and salt reduction. Bioelectrochemistry, 121, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.02.004

© 2018 Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a bioelectrochemical system capable of oxidizing organics, generating electricity, while reducing the salinity content of brine streams. As it is designed, anion and cation exchange membranes play an import... Read More about Microbial desalination cell with sulfonated sodium (poly(ether ether ketone) as cation exchange membranes for enhancing power generation and salt reduction.

Inhibition of Surface Chemical Moieties by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: A Key to Understanding Oxygen Reduction on Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts (2018)
Journal Article
Santoro, C. (2018). Inhibition of Surface Chemical Moieties by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: A Key to Understanding Oxygen Reduction on Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 1(5), 1942-1949. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00020

© 2018 American Chemical Society. The effect of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) on the activity of metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) platinum metal group-free (PGM-free) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is studied. Electrochemical tes... Read More about Inhibition of Surface Chemical Moieties by Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane: A Key to Understanding Oxygen Reduction on Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts.

Effect of pH on the activity of platinum group metal-free catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (2018)
Journal Article
Atanassov, P., Matanovic, I., Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Rojas-Carbonell, S., & Santoro, C. (2018). Effect of pH on the activity of platinum group metal-free catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Catalysis, 8(4), 3041-3053. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b03991

© 2018 American Chemical Society. The impact of the electrolyte's pH on the catalytic activity of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied. The results indicate that the ORR mechanism is de... Read More about Effect of pH on the activity of platinum group metal-free catalysts in oxygen reduction reaction.

Enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance by introducing a nano-composite cathode catalyst (2018)
Journal Article
Mounika, K., Herrera, S., Kabir, S., Serov, A., Santoro, C., Ieropoulos, I., & Atanassov, P. (2018). Enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance by introducing a nano-composite cathode catalyst. Electrochimica Acta, 265, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.118

© 2018 The Authors Iron aminoantipyrine (Fe-AAPyr), graphene nanosheets (GNSs) derived catalysts and their physical mixture Fe-AAPyr-GNS were synthesized and investigated as cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the activated car... Read More about Enhancement of microbial fuel cell performance by introducing a nano-composite cathode catalyst.

Power generation in microbial fuel cells using platinum group metal-free cathode catalyst: Effect of the catalyst loading on performance and costs (2018)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Kodali, M., Herrera, S., Serov, A., Ieropoulos, I., & Atanassov, P. (2018). Power generation in microbial fuel cells using platinum group metal-free cathode catalyst: Effect of the catalyst loading on performance and costs. Journal of Power Sources, 378, 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.017

© 2017 The Authors Platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalyst with different loadings was investigated in air breathing electrodes microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Firstly, the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of the c... Read More about Power generation in microbial fuel cells using platinum group metal-free cathode catalyst: Effect of the catalyst loading on performance and costs.

Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cells Stack: Power generation in standard and supercapacitive mode (2018)
Journal Article
Santoro, C., Flores-Cadengo, C., Soavi, F., Kodali, M., Merino-Jimenez, I., Gajda, I., …Atanassov, P. (2018). Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cells Stack: Power generation in standard and supercapacitive mode. Scientific Reports, 8(3281), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21404-y

© 2018 The Author(s). In this work, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) stack containing 28 ceramic MFCs was tested in both standard and supercapacitive modes. The MFCs consisted of carbon veil anodes wrapped around the ceramic separator and air-breathing ca... Read More about Ceramic Microbial Fuel Cells Stack: Power generation in standard and supercapacitive mode.

Investigation of patterned and non-patterned poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene) oxide based anion exchange membranes for enhanced desalination and power generation in a microbial desalination cell (2018)
Journal Article
Moruno, F. L., Rubio, J. E., Atanassov, P., Cerrato, J. M., Arges, C. G., & Santoro, C. (2018). Investigation of patterned and non-patterned poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene) oxide based anion exchange membranes for enhanced desalination and power generation in a microbial desalination cell. Solid State Ionics, 314, 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.11.004

© 2017 The Authors Quaternary ammonium poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (QAPPO) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with topographically patterned surfaces were assessed in a microbial desalination cell (MDC) system. The MDC results with these QAPP... Read More about Investigation of patterned and non-patterned poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene) oxide based anion exchange membranes for enhanced desalination and power generation in a microbial desalination cell.