The impact of paternal alcohol, tobacco, caffeine use and physical activity on offspring mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Easey, Kayleigh E.; Sharp, Gemma C.

Abstract

Background: There is some evidence that paternal health behaviours during and around pregnancy could be associated with offspring health outcomes. However, the impact that paternal health behaviours during pregnancy can have on offspring mental health is understudied and remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles in PubMed describing studies of potentially modifiable paternal health behaviours (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption and physical activity) in the prenatal period in relation to offspring mental health. GRADE was used to measure risk of bias. Results: Eight studies were included and categorized by paternal health behaviour and offspring mental health outcome investigated. The narrative synthesis provided evidence of association between paternal health behaviours around pregnancy and offspring mental health problems, with the strongest evidence shown for tobacco use. Grouped by analysis type, two separate meta-analyses showed evidence of paternal smoking during pregnancy being associated with greater odds of ADHD in offspring (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.99; HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.19–1.39). Conclusions: The small number of studies that have investigated paternal prenatal effects on offspring mental health, and the limited sample sizes of those studies, makes it challenging to draw firm conclusions. Although existing studies suggest that paternal tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in the prenatal period are associated with poorer offspring mental health, (particularly hyperactivity/ADHD), further investigation of potential paternal effects is required, using methods that allow stronger inference to determine whether associations are causal.

• Journal Article Type: Review
• Acceptance Date: Oct 7, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Oct 26, 2021
• Publication Date: Dec 1, 2021
• Deposit Date: Sep 23, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 26, 2022
• Journal: Reproductive Health
• Electronic ISSN: 1742-4755
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 1
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01266-w
• Keywords: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine, Systematic review, Mental health, Tobacco, Alcohol, Caffeine, Physical activity, Fathers, Paternal, Pregnancy, Child health, Meta-analysis
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/10003767
• Publisher URL: https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-021-01266-w
• Additional Information: Received: 5 March 2021; Accepted: 7 October 2021; First Online: 26 October 2021; : ; : Not applicable.; : Not applicable.; : The authors declare that they have no competing interests.