What happens to travel behaviour when parking is removed?

Melia, Steven; Clark, Ben

Abstract

What happens to travel behaviour when the right to park is removed? This controversial question, fundamental to travel demand management and land-use planning, has only been partially addressed by the literature so far. The impacts on travel to the destination concerned have been studied, but not the impacts on wider travel behaviour. This study reports on a natural experiment related to destination parking, where a university removed the right of most new undergraduates living in an ‘Exclusion Zone’ (a large majority) to park on its main suburban campus. 927 undergraduates, who started before and after the change in policy were surveyed in two waves to assess the impact of the policy on travel to campus, travel elsewhere, car ownership and licence-holding. Observations were also made of overspill parking on surrounding streets and a nearby superstore car park. The policy change was associated with a fall in the modal share of driving to campus of 9 percentage points. Car availability also reduced, although countervailing factors (which may have included road space freed up by the policy change) encouraged modal shift towards driving between the two waves. The policy change also introduced a gender difference in driving to campus for the first time; males without parking permits were more likely to drive than females without permits. The study supports the policy recommendation that modal shift ‘carrots’ are more effective when accompanied by ‘sticks’. It shows that restricting parking at frequently-visited destinations may reduce parking pressures and traffic generation elsewhere in a city or region.

• Presentation Conference Type: Conference Paper (unpublished)
• Conference Name: 49th University Transport Studies Group Conference
• Start Date: Jan 4, 2017
• End Date: Jan 6, 2017
• Acceptance Date: Nov 1, 2016
• Publication Date: Jan 5, 2017
• Deposit Date: Feb 15, 2017
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 15, 2017
• Peer Reviewed: Not Peer Reviewed
• Keywords: parking, students, modal shift, destination parking, university campuses
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/900274
• Publisher URL: http://www.utsg.net/web/index.php?page=annual-conference
• Additional Information: Title of Conference or Conference Proceedings : Universities Transport Study Group Conference
• Contract Date: Feb 15, 2017