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Simple Markov models of the genetic algorithm in classifier systems: multi-step tasks (2001)
Journal Article
Bull, L. (2001). Simple Markov models of the genetic algorithm in classifier systems: multi-step tasks. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1996, 29-36

Abstract Michigan-style Classifier Systems use Genetic Algorithms to facilitate rule discovery. This paper presents a simple Markov model of the algorithm in such systems, with the aim of examining the effects of different types of interdependence be... Read More about Simple Markov models of the genetic algorithm in classifier systems: multi-step tasks.

Biography, the postmodern last frontier: Banville, Barnes, Byatt and Unsworth (2001)
Journal Article
Boccardi, M. (2001). Biography, the postmodern last frontier: Banville, Barnes, Byatt and Unsworth

The article examines four novels by well-known contemporary authors, which share a biographer for protagonist. These texts are read in light of postmodern theories of narrative and history.

Air quality management: Evolution of policy and practice in the UK as exemplified by the experience of English local government (2001)
Journal Article
Longhurst, J. W., Beattie, C. I., Longhurst, J., & Woodfield, N. K. (2001). Air quality management: Evolution of policy and practice in the UK as exemplified by the experience of English local government. Atmospheric Environment, 35(8), 1479-1490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310%2800%2900311-3

The air quality management (AQM) framework in the UK is designed to be an effects-based solution to air pollutants currently affecting human health. The AQM process has been legislated through The Environment Act 1995, which required the National Air... Read More about Air quality management: Evolution of policy and practice in the UK as exemplified by the experience of English local government.

Descartes' individual epistemology: A critique (2001)
Book Chapter
Assiter, A. (2001). Descartes' individual epistemology: A critique. In J. Lopez, & G. Potter (Eds.), After Postmodernism, An Introduction to Critical Realism (240 - 250). Athlone Press

Talking about sex (2001)
Book Chapter
Arthurs, J., Barker, M., & Harindranath, R. (2001). Talking about sex. In J. Arthurs, M. Barker, & R. Harindranath (Eds.), The Crash Controversy: Censorship Campaigns and Film Reception (39-61). Wallflower Press

Coevolving functions in genetic programming (2001)
Journal Article
Ahluwalia, M., & Bull, L. (2001). Coevolving functions in genetic programming. Journal of Systems Architecture, 47(7), 573-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-7621%2801%2900016-9

In this paper we introduce a new approach to the use of automatically defined functions (ADFs) within genetic programming. The technique consists of evolving a number of separate sub-populations of functions which can be used by a population of evolv... Read More about Coevolving functions in genetic programming.

Directions in retraining reaching (2001)
Journal Article
van Vliet, P. M., & Turton, A. (2001). Directions in retraining reaching. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 13(4), 313-338

Despite the growing amount of movement science and professional literature, rehabilitation for stroke is commonly based instead on accepted practice or custom. Therefore, this review article was undertaken to further the development of a sound theore... Read More about Directions in retraining reaching.