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A novel in vitro 3D model of the human bone marrow to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity testing (2022)
Journal Article
Vernon, A. R., Pemberton, R. M., & Morse, H. (2022). A novel in vitro 3D model of the human bone marrow to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity testing. Mutagenesis, 37(2), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geac009

The regulatory 2D in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is part of a battery of tests, used to test for genotoxicity of new and existing compounds before they are assessed in vivo (ICH S2). The 2D MN assay consists of a monolayer of cells, whereas the in... Read More about A novel in vitro 3D model of the human bone marrow to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity testing.

Screen-printed carbon based biosensors and their applications in agri-food safety (2020)
Journal Article
Smart, A., Crew, A., Pemberton, R., Hughes, G., Doran, O., & Hart, J. P. (2020). Screen-printed carbon based biosensors and their applications in agri-food safety. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 127, Article 115898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2020.115898

This review focuses on the ways in which screen-printed carbon electrodes have been tailored with different biorecognition elements, including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, often with other modifiers, such as mediators and nanoparticles, to prod... Read More about Screen-printed carbon based biosensors and their applications in agri-food safety.

Fabrication of miniaturised screen-printed glucose biosensors, using a water-based ink, and the evaluation of their electrochemical behaviour (2018)
Journal Article
Hughes, G., Pemberton, R. . M., Nicholas, P., & Hart, J. P. (2018). Fabrication of miniaturised screen-printed glucose biosensors, using a water-based ink, and the evaluation of their electrochemical behaviour. Electroanalysis, 30(8), 1608-1612. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.+201+800+104

This paper describes a simple, convenient approach to the fabrication of microband electrodes and microband biosensors based on screen printing technology. These devices were printed in a three-electrode configuration on one strip; a silver/silver ch... Read More about Fabrication of miniaturised screen-printed glucose biosensors, using a water-based ink, and the evaluation of their electrochemical behaviour.

Recent advances in the fabrication and application of screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors based on carbon materials for biomedical, agri-food and environmental analyses (2016)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R. M., Crew, A., Hughes, G., Westmacott, K., Honeychurch, K. C., Crew, A. P., …Hart, J. P. (2016). Recent advances in the fabrication and application of screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors based on carbon materials for biomedical, agri-food and environmental analyses. Biosensors, 6(4), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios6040050

This review describes recent advances in the fabrication of electrochemical (bio)sensors based on screen-printing technology involving carbon materials and their application in biomedical, agri-food and environmental analyses. It will focus on the va... Read More about Recent advances in the fabrication and application of screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors based on carbon materials for biomedical, agri-food and environmental analyses.

A novel reagentless glutamate microband biosensor for real-time cell toxicity monitoring (2016)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Pemberton, R. M., Hughes, G., Hughes, G., Pemberton, R., Fielden, P. R., & Hart, J. P. (2016). A novel reagentless glutamate microband biosensor for real-time cell toxicity monitoring. Analytica Chimica Acta, 933, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.005

© 2016 Elsevier B.V. A reagentless glutamate biosensor was applied to the determination of glutamate released from liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in response to toxic challenge from various concentrations of paracetamol. A screen printe... Read More about A novel reagentless glutamate microband biosensor for real-time cell toxicity monitoring.

Amperometric Screen-Printed Galactose Biosensor for Cell Toxicity Applications (2016)
Journal Article
Jackson, S. K., Pemberton, R. M., Kanyong, P., Hughes, G., Pemberton, R., Jackson, S., & Hart, J. P. (2016). Amperometric Screen-Printed Galactose Biosensor for Cell Toxicity Applications. Analytical Letters, 49(2), 236-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1070166

© 2016, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ABSTRACT: This paper reports the development and application of a biosensor for the amperometric determination of galactose in the presence of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with and without a... Read More about Amperometric Screen-Printed Galactose Biosensor for Cell Toxicity Applications.

The design, development and application of electrochemical glutamate biosensors (2015)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Pemberton, R. M., Hughes, G., Hughes, G., Pemberton, R., Fielden, P. R., & Hart, J. P. (2016). The design, development and application of electrochemical glutamate biosensors. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 79, 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.020

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. The development of biosensors for the determination of glutamate has been of great research interest for the past 25 years due to its importance in biomedical and food studies. This review focusses on the various strategies used... Read More about The design, development and application of electrochemical glutamate biosensors.

Development of a novel reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+, integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications (2015)
Journal Article
Hughes, G., Pemberton, R. M., Fielden, P. R., & Hart, J. P. (2015). Development of a novel reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+, integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 216, 614-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.066

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract A screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) containing the electrocatalyst Meldola's Blue (MB) has been investigated as the base transducer for a reagentless glutamate biosensor. The biopolymer chitosan (CHIT) and multiwall... Read More about Development of a novel reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+, integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications.

Fabrication and evaluation of a micro(bio)sensor array chip for multiple parallel measurements of important cell biomarkers (2014)
Journal Article
Sage, I. C., Drago, G. A., Pemberton, R., Cox, T., Tuffin, R., Griffiths, J., …Hart, J. P. (2014). Fabrication and evaluation of a micro(bio)sensor array chip for multiple parallel measurements of important cell biomarkers. Sensors, 14(11), 20519-20532. https://doi.org/10.3390/s141120519

© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This report describes the design and development of an integrated electrochemical cell culture monitoring system, based on enzyme-biosensors and chemical sensors, for monitoring indicators of... Read More about Fabrication and evaluation of a micro(bio)sensor array chip for multiple parallel measurements of important cell biomarkers.

Development of a disposable screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase, for the determination of glutamate in clinical and food applications (2014)
Journal Article
Hughes, G., Pemberton, R., Fielden, P., & Hart, J. P. (2014). Development of a disposable screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase, for the determination of glutamate in clinical and food applications. Analytical & Bioanalytical Electrochemistry, 6(4), 435-449

A screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) containing the electrocatalyst Meldola’s Blue (MB) has been investigated as the base transducer for a glutamate biosensor. The sandwich biosensor was fabricated by firstly depositing a chitosan (CHIT) layer... Read More about Development of a disposable screen-printed amperometric biosensor based on glutamate dehydrogenase, for the determination of glutamate in clinical and food applications.

Use of whole blood for analysis of disease-associated biomarkers (2013)
Journal Article
McLeod, J., Pemberton, R. M., May, J. E., Pemberton, R., Hart, J. P., McLeod, J. D., …Doran, O. (2013). Use of whole blood for analysis of disease-associated biomarkers. Analytical Biochemistry, 437(1), 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.024

Analyses for diagnosis and monitoring of pathological conditions often rely on blood samples, partly due to relative ease of collection. However, many interfering substances largely preclude the use of whole blood itself, necessitating separation of... Read More about Use of whole blood for analysis of disease-associated biomarkers.

Microfabricated glucose biosensor for culture welloperation (2013)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Luxton, R., Xu, J., Griffiths, J., Sage, I., Tuffin, R., …Hart, J. P. (2013). Microfabricated glucose biosensor for culture welloperation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 42(1), 668-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.032

A water-based carbon screen-printing ink formulation, containing the redox mediator cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) and the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), was investigated for its suitability to fabricate glucose microbiosensors in a 96-well microplate f... Read More about Microfabricated glucose biosensor for culture welloperation.

Development of an amperometric screen-printed galactose biosensor for serum analysis (2013)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R. M., Kanyong, P., Pemberton, R., Jackson, S. K., & Hart, J. P. (2013). Development of an amperometric screen-printed galactose biosensor for serum analysis. Analytical Biochemistry, 435(2), 114-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.006

The development of a disposable amperometric biosensor for the measurement of circulating galactose in serum is described. The biosensor comprises a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), incorporating the electrocatalyst cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC... Read More about Development of an amperometric screen-printed galactose biosensor for serum analysis.

Development of a sandwich format, amperometric screen-printed uric acid biosensor for urine analysis (2012)
Journal Article
Kanyong, P., Pemberton, R., Jackson, S. K., & Hart, J. P. (2012). Development of a sandwich format, amperometric screen-printed uric acid biosensor for urine analysis. Analytical Biochemistry, 428(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2012.05.027

A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) incorporating the electrocatalyst cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC), fabricated using a water-based ink formulation, has been investigated as the base transducer for a uric acid biosensor. A sandwich biosensor was... Read More about Development of a sandwich format, amperometric screen-printed uric acid biosensor for urine analysis.

A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture (2011)
Journal Article
Xu, J., Pemberton, R., Pittson, R., Drago, G. A., Griffiths, J., Jackson, S. K., & Hart, J. P. (2011). A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(5), 2448-2453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.030

Microband biosensors, screen-printed from a water-based carbon ink containing cobalt phthalocyanine redox mediator and glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme, were used to monitor glucose levels continuously in buffer and culture medium. Five biosensors were o... Read More about A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture.

A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture (2011)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R., Xu, J., Pittson, R., Drago, G., Griffiths, J., Jackson, S. K., & Hart, J. P. (2011). A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(5), 2448-2453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.030

#Microband biosensors, screen-printed from a water-based carbon ink containing cobalt phthalocyanine redox mediator and glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme, were used to monitor glucose levels continuously in buffer and culture medium. Five biosensors were... Read More about A screen-printed microband glucose biosensor system for real-time monitoring of toxicity in cell culture.

Application of screen-printed microband biosensors incorporated with cells to monitor metabolic effects of potential environmental toxins (2010)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R., Rawson, F. J., Xu, J., Pittson, R., Drago, G. A., Griffiths, J., …Hart, J. P. (2010). Application of screen-printed microband biosensors incorporated with cells to monitor metabolic effects of potential environmental toxins. Microchimica Acta, 170(3), 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0326-0

Microband biosensors were fabricated from a screen-printed water-based carbon ink containing cobalt phthalocyanine redox mediator and glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase enzyme. The microbiosensors were characterised for their ability to monitor ferro... Read More about Application of screen-printed microband biosensors incorporated with cells to monitor metabolic effects of potential environmental toxins.

Application of screen-printed microband biosensors to end-point measurements of glucose and cell numbers in HepG2 cell culture (2009)
Journal Article
Jackson, S. K., Pemberton, R., Xu, J., Pittson, R., Biddle, N., Drago, G. A., & Hart, J. P. (2009). Application of screen-printed microband biosensors to end-point measurements of glucose and cell numbers in HepG2 cell culture. Analytical Biochemistry, 385(2), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.10.037

Microband glucose biosensors were produced by insulating and sectioning through a screen-printed, water-based carbon electrode containing cobalt phthalocyanine redox mediator and glucose oxidase enzyme. Under quiescent conditions at 37 °C, at an oper... Read More about Application of screen-printed microband biosensors to end-point measurements of glucose and cell numbers in HepG2 cell culture.

A microband lactate biosensor fabricated using a water-based screen-printed carbon ink (2009)
Journal Article
Rawson, F. J., Purcell, W. M., Xu, J., Pemberton, R., Fielden, P. R., Biddle, N., & Hart, J. P. (2009). A microband lactate biosensor fabricated using a water-based screen-printed carbon ink. Talanta, 77(3), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2008.08.020

The present study demonstrated for the first time that screen-printed carbon microband electrodes fabricated from water-based ink can readily detect H2O2 and that the same ink, with the addition of lactate oxidase, can be used to construct microband... Read More about A microband lactate biosensor fabricated using a water-based screen-printed carbon ink.

Part II, Ch.6, Preparation of screen-printed electrochemical immunosensors for estradiol, and their application in biological fluids (2009)
Book Chapter
Pemberton, R., & Hart, J. P. (2009). Part II, Ch.6, Preparation of screen-printed electrochemical immunosensors for estradiol, and their application in biological fluids. In A. Rasooly, & K. E. Herold (Eds.), Biosensors and Biodetection Methods and Protocols. Vol.2: Electrochemical and Mechanical Detectors, Lateral Flow and Ligands for Biosensors. Humana Press Inc., USA

Fabrication of microband glucose biosensors using a screen-printing water-based carbon ink and their application in serum analysis (2009)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R., Pittson, R., Biddle, N., & Hart, J. P. (2009). Fabrication of microband glucose biosensors using a screen-printing water-based carbon ink and their application in serum analysis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24(5), 1246-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2008.07.035

Microband glucose biosensors were fabricated by screen-printing a water-based carbon ink formulation containing cobalt phthalocyanine redox mediator and glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme, then insulating and sectioning through the thick (20 μm) film to ex... Read More about Fabrication of microband glucose biosensors using a screen-printing water-based carbon ink and their application in serum analysis.

Real-time monitoring of glucose and lactate concentrations using screen-printed microband biosensors (2008)
Presentation / Conference
Pemberton, R., Xu, J., Pittson, R., Biddle, N., Drago, G., Griffiths, J., …Hart, J. P. (2008, September). Real-time monitoring of glucose and lactate concentrations using screen-printed microband biosensors. Paper presented at Electrochemistry Group Faraday and Analytical Division, Royal Society of Chemistry, Electrochemical Technology Group, Society of Chemical Industry, University of Liverpool

Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications (2007)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Crew, A., Crouch, E., Honeychurch, K. C., & Pemberton, R. (2007). Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-526X%2806%2949023-1

This chapter describes a number of approaches for the fabrication of prototype screen-printed electrochemical (bio) sensors together with selected applications in the areas of biomedical, environmental and industrial analyses. Novel methods of immobi... Read More about Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications.

Studies towards the development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor array for mycotoxins: A sensor for aflatoxin B1 (2006)
Journal Article
Pemberton, R., Pittson, R., Biddle, N., Drago, G. A., & Hart, J. P. (2006). Studies towards the development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor array for mycotoxins: A sensor for aflatoxin B1. Analytical Letters, 39(8), 1573-1586. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032710600713289

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) bearing a surface-adsorbed antibody against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were used in a competitive immunoassay, based on competition of free analyte with a biotinylated aflatoxin B1 conjugate. Subsequent addition of s... Read More about Studies towards the development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor array for mycotoxins: A sensor for aflatoxin B1.

Development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor for picomolar concentrations of estradiol in human serum extracts (2005)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Pemberton, R., & Mottram, T. T. (2005). Development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor for picomolar concentrations of estradiol in human serum extracts. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 63(3), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.05.002

Investigations into the development of a prototype electrochemical immunosensor for estradiol (E2) are described. After optimising reagent loadings in a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antibodies (rabbit anti-mouse IgG and monoclon... Read More about Development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor for picomolar concentrations of estradiol in human serum extracts.

Voltammetric behavior of Chlorophyll a at a screen-printed carbon electrode and its potential role as a biomarker for monitoring fecal contamination (2004)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Pemberton, R., & Amine, A. (2004). Voltammetric behavior of Chlorophyll a at a screen-printed carbon electrode and its potential role as a biomarker for monitoring fecal contamination. Analytical Letters, 37(8), 1625-1643. https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-120037592

Direct cyclic voltammetric determination of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) at a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) resulted in a single, irreversible anodic oxidation peak at Ep = +400 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Electrochemical investigations revealed that Chl a was... Read More about Voltammetric behavior of Chlorophyll a at a screen-printed carbon electrode and its potential role as a biomarker for monitoring fecal contamination.

Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses (2004)
Journal Article
Hart, J. P., Crew, A. P., Crouch, E., Honeychurch, K. C., & Pemberton, R. (2004). Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses. Analytical Letters, 37(5), 789-830. https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-120030682

This review describes the design and fabrication of electrochemical sensors/biosensors based on screen-printing technology and their applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, and industrial analyses. Specific emphasis is placed on na... Read More about Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses.

Sensors/biosensors, based on screen-printing technology for biomedical applications (2003)
Journal Article
Ryan, S. L., Hart, J. P., Abass, A., Honeychurch, K. C., Pemberton, R., & Wedge, R. (2003). Sensors/biosensors, based on screen-printing technology for biomedical applications. Indian Journal of Chemistry.section A.inorganic, Physical, Theoretical && Analytical, 42A(4), 709-718

This article describes three recent developments from our laboratory, in which screen-printed carbon electrodes have been modified in order to develop sensors/biosensors for analytes of biomedical importance. The analytical applications described are... Read More about Sensors/biosensors, based on screen-printing technology for biomedical applications.

A reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications
Book Chapter
Hughes, G., Pemberton, R., Fielden, P., & Hart, J. (2017). A reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications. In A. Rasooly, & B. Prickril (Eds.), Biosensors and Biodetection. Springer

A reagentless biosensor has been successfully developed to measure glutamate in food and clinical samples. The enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and the cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are fully integrated onto the surface of... Read More about A reagentless, screen-printed amperometric biosensor for the determination of glutamate in food and clinical applications.