All Outputs (4)

Regulating armed drone swarms under international law (2023)
Presentation / Conference
Pollard, M. (2023, November). Regulating armed drone swarms under international law. Paper presented at New Technologies and International Law, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

One of the most controversial military systems currently under development today are autonomous weapons systems (AWS). Indeed, many states are urging the United Nations to prohibit AWS by way of a specific treaty. The term AWS is, nevertheless, somew... Read More about Regulating armed drone swarms under international law.

Embodied artificial intelligence and jus ad bellum necessity: Influence and imminence in the digital age (2022)
Journal Article
Pollard, M., & Grimal, F. (2022). Embodied artificial intelligence and jus ad bellum necessity: Influence and imminence in the digital age. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 53(2), 209-275

In “re-opening” the classic debate surrounding a state’s wider right of self- defense (in light of emerging technologies, and via the “lens” of influence communications), the authors controversially “close” the following discussion in favor of allowi... Read More about Embodied artificial intelligence and jus ad bellum necessity: Influence and imminence in the digital age.

The duty to take precautions in hostilities, and the disobeying of orders: Should robots refuse? (2021)
Journal Article
Pollard, M., & Grimal, F. (2021). The duty to take precautions in hostilities, and the disobeying of orders: Should robots refuse?. Fordham International Law Journal, 44(3), 671-734

This Article not only questions whether an embodied artificial intelligence (“EAI”) could give an order to a human combatant, but controversially, examines whether it should also refuse one. A future EAI may be capable of refusing to follow an order,... Read More about The duty to take precautions in hostilities, and the disobeying of orders: Should robots refuse?.

“Embodied AI” and the direct participation in hostilities: A legal analysis (2020)
Journal Article
Pollard, M., & Grimal, F. (2020). “Embodied AI” and the direct participation in hostilities: A legal analysis. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 51(3), 513-564

This Article questions whether, under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), the concept of a “civilian” should be limited to humans. Prevailing debate within IHL scholarship has largely focused on the lawfulness (or not) of the recourse to autonomou... Read More about “Embodied AI” and the direct participation in hostilities: A legal analysis.