All Outputs (4)

Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material (2022)
Journal Article
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., & Mol, L. (2022). Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 17634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22624-z

Bullet impacts are a ubiquitous form of damage to the built environment resulting from armed conflicts. Bullet impacts into stone buildings result in surficial cratering, fracturing, and changes to material properties, such as permeability and surfac... Read More about Bullet impacts in building stone excavate approximately conical craters, with dimensions that are controlled by target material.

Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone (2022)
Journal Article
Campbell, O., Blenkinsop, T., Gilbert, O., & Mol, L. (2022). Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone. Royal Society Open Science, 9(7), 220029. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220029

Controlled experiments were conducted to investigate the surface damage caused by perpendicular and oblique impacts of bullets into sandstone and limestone targets. Individual bullets fired in conditions simulating modern rifles at typical combat dis... Read More about Surface damage from perpendicular and oblique bullet impacts in stone.

Mortar damage to heritage stone (2022)
Presentation / Conference
Mol, L., Cunliffe, E., & Brassey, C. (2022, May). Mortar damage to heritage stone. Presented at EGU 2022, Vienna

Stone built heritage in conflict areas is increasingly at risk of accelerated deterioration, as explosive and ballistic damage not only create damage to the surface, but also inherently change the mineral fabric of the stone to deep within the struct... Read More about Mortar damage to heritage stone.

Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire (2022)
Journal Article
Mol, L., & Grenfell, M. (2022). Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(7), 1761-1777. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5345

From 9 March 2015, a wildfire burned an area of 25.7 km2, or approximately half of the Jonkershoek catchment (Western Cape, South Africa), over the course of 3 days. During this period, large areas of fynbos and commercial forest plantations were raz... Read More about Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire.