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On dynamical genetic programming: Simple Boolean networks in learning classifier systems (2009)
Journal Article
Bull, L. (2009). On dynamical genetic programming: Simple Boolean networks in learning classifier systems. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 24(5), 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760802660387

Many representations have been presented to enable the effective evolution of computer programs. Turing was perhaps the first to present a general scheme by which to achieve this end. Significantly, Turing proposed a form of discrete dynamical system... Read More about On dynamical genetic programming: Simple Boolean networks in learning classifier systems.

Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata (2009)
Journal Article
Sapin, E., Bull, L., & Adamatzky, A. (2009). Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 4(3), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCI.2009.933097

The emergence of collision based computing in complex systems with local interactions is discussed. Simulations of logic gates have been inspired by the simulation of an AND gate by the Game of Life. The evolutionary algorithm is also used to modify... Read More about Genetic approaches to search for computing patterns in cellular automata.

Computer music meets unconventional computing: Towards sound synthesis with in vitro neuronal networks (2009)
Journal Article
Miranda, E. R., Bull, L., Gueguen, F., & Uroukov, I. S. (2009). Computer music meets unconventional computing: Towards sound synthesis with in vitro neuronal networks. Computer Music Journal, 33(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1162/comj.2009.33.1.9

The feasibility of synthesizing sounds with hybrid wetware-silicon devices has been explored with the use of in vitro neuronal networks. The basics of culturing brain cells has been introduced while the procedures that has been established to stimula... Read More about Computer music meets unconventional computing: Towards sound synthesis with in vitro neuronal networks.

Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (2009)
Journal Article
Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., & Bull, L. (2009). Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41(4), 1605-1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.07.001

We present experimental verification of wave fragment collisions in the sub-excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium observed previously in simulation [Adamatzky A, De Lacy Costello B. Binary collisions between wave fragments in a sub-excitable Belousov... Read More about Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction.

Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (2009)
Journal Article
Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., & Bull, L. (2009). Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41(4), 1605-1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.07.001

Using the examples of an excitable chemical system (the Belousov–Zhabotinsky medium) and plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources (excitability or c... Read More about Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.

Evolution of cellular automata with memory: The Density Classification Task (2009)
Journal Article
Stone, C., & Bull, L. (2009). Evolution of cellular automata with memory: The Density Classification Task. BioSystems, 97(2), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.05.001

The Density Classification Task is a well known test problem for two-state discrete dynamical systems. For many years researchers have used a variety of evolutionary computation approaches to evolve solutions to this problem. In this paper, we invest... Read More about Evolution of cellular automata with memory: The Density Classification Task.

On dynamical genetic programming: Random boolean networks in learning classifier systems (2009)
Journal Article
Bull, L., & Preen, R. (2009). On dynamical genetic programming: Random boolean networks in learning classifier systems. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 5481 LNCS, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01181-8_4

Many representations have been presented to enable the effective evolution of computer programs. Turing was perhaps the first to present a general scheme by which to achieve this end. Significantly, Turing proposed a form of discrete dynamical system... Read More about On dynamical genetic programming: Random boolean networks in learning classifier systems.

Discrete dynamical genetic programming in XCS (2009)
Presentation / Conference
Preen, R., & Bull, L. (2009, July). Discrete dynamical genetic programming in XCS. Paper presented at 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, Montreal, Canada

A number of representation schemes have been presented for use within Learning Classifier Systems, ranging from binary encodings to neural networks. This paper presents results from an investigation into using a discrete dynamical system representati... Read More about Discrete dynamical genetic programming in XCS.

Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media (2009)
Journal Article
Toth, R., De Lacy Costello, B., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., & Bull, L. (2009). Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media. Physical Review E, 79(3), 035101(R) (4 pages). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.035101

Spontaneous spiral formation occurs when an excitation wave is input to a heterogeneous network of low- and high-light-intensity cells projected onto a light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The range of network conditions where spirals form... Read More about Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media.

Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium (2009)
Journal Article
De Lacy Costello, B., Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., & Bull, L. (2009). Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium. Physical Review E, 79(2), 026114. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.026114

In cellular automata models a glider gun is an oscillating pattern of nonquiescent states that periodically emits traveling localizations (gliders). The glider streams can be combined to construct functionally complete systems of logical gates and th... Read More about Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium.

On minimally coupled boolean networks (2009)
Journal Article
Alonso-Sanz, R., & Bull, L. (2009). On minimally coupled boolean networks. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 19(04), 1401-1414. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127409023743

Traditional Boolean networks consist of nodes within a single network, each updating synchronously, although asynchronous versions have also been presented. In this paper the dynamics of two, mutually coupled traditional networks are investigated. In... Read More about On minimally coupled boolean networks.

Configuring ZCS for continuous-valued single-step Boolean problems (2009)
Journal Article
Stone, C., & Bull, L. (2009). Configuring ZCS for continuous-valued single-step Boolean problems. Analysis, 2(3), 19

In this paper we investigate the performance and operation of a Learning Classifier System on problems with real-valued states and a Boolean action space. Specifically, we study aspects of the algorithm and parameter set of the simple strength-based... Read More about Configuring ZCS for continuous-valued single-step Boolean problems.