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Propagation of electrical signals by fungi (2023)
Journal Article
Mayne, R., Roberts, N., Phillips, N., Weerasekera, R., & Adamatzky, A. (2023). Propagation of electrical signals by fungi. BioSystems, 229, Article 104933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104933

Living fungal mycelium networks are proven to have properties of memristors, capacitors and various sensors. To further progress our designs in fungal electronics we need to evaluate how electrical signals can be propagated through mycelium networks.... Read More about Propagation of electrical signals by fungi.

Marimo actuated rover systems (2022)
Journal Article
Phillips, N., Draper, T. C., Mayne, R., Reynolds, D. M., & Adamatzky, A. (2022). Marimo actuated rover systems. Journal of Biological Engineering, 16(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-021-00279-0

Background: The potential to directly harness photosynthesis to make actuators, biosensors and bioprocessors has been previously demonstrated in the literature. Herein, this capability has been expanded to more advanced systems — Marimo Actuated Rove... Read More about Marimo actuated rover systems.

Stimulating fungi Pleurotus ostreatus with hydrocortisone (2021)
Journal Article
Dehshibi, M. M., Chiolerio, A., Nikolaidou, A., Mayne, R., Gandia, A., Ashtari-Majlan, M., & Adamatzky, A. (2021). Stimulating fungi Pleurotus ostreatus with hydrocortisone. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 7(8), 3718-3726. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00752

Fungi cells can sense extracellular signals via reception, transduction, and response mechanisms, allowing them to communicate with their host and adapt to their environment. They feature effective regulatory protein expressions that enhance and regu... Read More about Stimulating fungi Pleurotus ostreatus with hydrocortisone.

Neuromorphic liquid marbles with aqueous carbon nanotube cores (2019)
Journal Article
Mayne, R., Draper, T. C., Phillips, N., Whiting, J. G. H., Weerasekera, R., Fullarton, C., …Adamatzky, A. (2019). Neuromorphic liquid marbles with aqueous carbon nanotube cores. Langmuir, 35, 13182-13188. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02552

Neuromorphic computing devices attempt to emulate features of biological nervous systems through mimicking the properties of synapses, towards implementing the emergent properties of their counterparts, such as learning. Inspired by recent advances i... Read More about Neuromorphic liquid marbles with aqueous carbon nanotube cores.

Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes (2013)
Journal Article
Gale, E., de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2013). Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes. https://doi.org/10.12785/amis/070418

Memristors have been compared to neurons (usually specifically the synapses) since 1976 but no experimental evidence has been offered for support for this position. Here we highlight that memristors naturally form fast-response, highly reproducible a... Read More about Observation, characterization and modeling of memristor current spikes.

Logical and arithmetic circuits in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks (2011)
Journal Article
Holley, J., Jahan, I., De Lacy Costello, B., Bull, L., & Adamatzky, A. (2011). Logical and arithmetic circuits in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks. Physical Review E, 84(5), 056110. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.056110

Excitation waves on a subexcitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) substrate can be manipulated by chemical variations in the substrate and by interactions with other waves. Symbolic assignment and interpretation of wave dynamics can be used to perform log... Read More about Logical and arithmetic circuits in Belousov-Zhabotinsky encapsulated disks.

Towards constructing one-bit binary adder in excitable chemical medium (2011)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., Adamatzky, A., Jahan, I., & Zhang, L. (2011). Towards constructing one-bit binary adder in excitable chemical medium. Chemical Physics, 381(1-3), 88-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.01.014

The light-sensitive modification (ruthenium catalysed) of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction exhibits various excitability regimes depending on the level of illumination. Within a narrow range of applied illumination levels the medium is in a sub-exci... Read More about Towards constructing one-bit binary adder in excitable chemical medium.

Chemical tessellations - Results of binary and tertiary reactions between metal ions and ferricyanide or ferrocyanide loaded gels (2010)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., Jahan, I., Hambidge, P., Locking, K., Patel, D., & Adamatzky, A. (2010). Chemical tessellations - Results of binary and tertiary reactions between metal ions and ferricyanide or ferrocyanide loaded gels. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 20(7), 2241-2252. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127410027064

In our recent letter [de Lacy Costello et al., 2009] we described the formation of spontaneous complex tessellations of the plane constructed in simple chemical reactions between drops of metal salts and ferricyanide or ferrocyanide loaded gels. In t... Read More about Chemical tessellations - Results of binary and tertiary reactions between metal ions and ferricyanide or ferrocyanide loaded gels.

Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (2009)
Journal Article
Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., & Bull, L. (2009). Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 41(4), 1605-1615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.07.001

Using the examples of an excitable chemical system (the Belousov–Zhabotinsky medium) and plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources (excitability or c... Read More about Experimental validation of binary collisions between wave fragments in the photosensitive Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.

Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media (2009)
Journal Article
Toth, R., De Lacy Costello, B., Stone, C., Masere, J., Adamatzky, A., & Bull, L. (2009). Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media. Physical Review E, 79(3), 035101(R) (4 pages). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.035101

Spontaneous spiral formation occurs when an excitation wave is input to a heterogeneous network of low- and high-light-intensity cells projected onto a light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The range of network conditions where spirals form... Read More about Spiral formation and degeneration in heterogeneous excitable media.

Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium (2009)
Journal Article
De Lacy Costello, B., Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., & Bull, L. (2009). Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium. Physical Review E, 79(2), 026114. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.026114

In cellular automata models a glider gun is an oscillating pattern of nonquiescent states that periodically emits traveling localizations (gliders). The glider streams can be combined to construct functionally complete systems of logical gates and th... Read More about Implementation of glider guns in the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium.

Chemical tessellations (2009)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., Jahan, I., Adamatzky, A., & Ratcliffe, N. M. (2009). Chemical tessellations. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 19(2), 619-622. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127409023238

We report a simple set of chemical reactions based on the reaction of a range of metal salts with potassium ferricyanide loaded gels that spontaneously produce complex and colorful tessellations of the plane. These reactions provide a great resource... Read More about Chemical tessellations.

Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm (2008)
Journal Article
Toth, R., Stone, C., Adamatzky, A., De Lacy Costello, B., & Bull, L. (2008). Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm. Journal of Chemical Physics, 129(18), 184708. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2932252

We propose that the behavior of nonlinear media can be controlled dynamically through coevolutionary systems. In this study, a light-sensitive subexcitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is controlled using a heterogeneous cellular automaton. A checke... Read More about Dynamic control and information processing in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction using a coevolutionary algorithm.

On logical gates in precipitating medium: Cellular automaton model (2008)
Journal Article
Martínez, G. J., Adamatzky, A., & de Lacy Costello, B. (2008). On logical gates in precipitating medium: Cellular automaton model. Physics Letters A, 372(31), 5115-5119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2008.05.087

We study a two-dimensional semi-totalistic binary cell-state cellular automaton, which imitates a reversible precipitation in an abstract chemical medium. The systems exhibits a non-trivial growth and nucleation. We demonstrate how basic computationa... Read More about On logical gates in precipitating medium: Cellular automaton model.

Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers (2008)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., De Lacy Costello, B., & Shirakawa, T. (2008). Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 18(08), 2373-2389. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127408021750

Using the examples of an excitable chemical system (the Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium) and plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum we show that universal computation in a geometrically unconstrained medium is only possible when resources (excitability or c... Read More about Universal computation with limited resources: Belousov-Zhabotinsky and physarum computers.

Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium (2005)
Journal Article
de Lacy Costello, B., & Adamatzky, A. (2005). Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 25(3), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.11.056

We experimentally demonstrate that excitation wave-fragments in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium with immobilised catalyst can be used to build elementary logical gates and circuits. Following our previous theoretical constructions [Adamatzky A. Co... Read More about Experimental implementation of collision-based gates in Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium.

Experimental implementation of mobile robot taxis with onboard Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical medium (2004)
Journal Article
Ratcliffe, N., Adamatzky, A., Costello, B. D. L., & Melhuish, C. (2004). Experimental implementation of mobile robot taxis with onboard Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical medium. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 24(4), 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2004.02.002

We discuss the first-ever experimental realization of the onboard excitable chemical controller for stimulus-guided navigation of mobile robots. We demonstrate that the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in the form of an onboard thin layer chemical... Read More about Experimental implementation of mobile robot taxis with onboard Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical medium.

Reaction-diffusion navigation robot control: From chemical to VLSI analogic processors (2004)
Journal Article
Rodríguez-Vázquez, A., De Lacy Costello, B., Carmona-Galán, R., Arena, P., Adamatzky, A., Basile, A., …Frasca, M. (2004). Reaction-diffusion navigation robot control: From chemical to VLSI analogic processors. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 51(5), 926-938. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2004.827654

We introduce a new methodology and experimental implementations for real-time wave-based robot navigation in a complex, dynamically changing environment. The main idea behind the approach is to consider the robot arena as an excitable medium, in whic... Read More about Reaction-diffusion navigation robot control: From chemical to VLSI analogic processors.

The formation of voronoi diagrams in chemical and physical systems: Experimental findings and theoretical models (2004)
Journal Article
Purwins, H. G., de Lacy Costello, B., Ratcliffe, N. M., Adamatzky, A., Zanin, A. L., & Liehr, A. W. (2004). The formation of voronoi diagrams in chemical and physical systems: Experimental findings and theoretical models. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 14(7), 2187-2210. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021812740401059X

The work discusses the formation of Voronoi diagrams in spatially extended nonlinear systems taking experimental and theoretical results into account. Concerning experimental systems a number of chemical systems used previously as prototype chemical... Read More about The formation of voronoi diagrams in chemical and physical systems: Experimental findings and theoretical models.

Experimental reaction-diffusion chemical processors for robot path planning (2003)
Journal Article
Adamatzky, A., de Lacy Costello, B., Ratcliffe, N. M., & Melhuish, C. (2003). Experimental reaction-diffusion chemical processors for robot path planning. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 37(3), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1025414424756

In this paper we discuss the experimental implementation of a chemical reaction-diffusion processor for robot motion planning in terms of finding the shortest collision-free path for a robot moving in an arena with obstacles. These reaction-diffusion... Read More about Experimental reaction-diffusion chemical processors for robot path planning.