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A photometric stereo-based 3D imaging system using computer vision and deep learning for tracking plant growth (2019)
Journal Article
Bernotas, G., Scorza, L. C., Hansen, M. F., Hales, I. J., Halliday, K. J., Smith, L. N., …McCormick, A. J. (2019). A photometric stereo-based 3D imaging system using computer vision and deep learning for tracking plant growth. GigaScience, 8(5), Article giz056. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz056

© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distri... Read More about A photometric stereo-based 3D imaging system using computer vision and deep learning for tracking plant growth.

Home activity monitoring using low resolution infrared sensor array (2018)
Conference Proceeding
Tao, L., Smith, M., Volonakis, T., Tan, B., Jing, Y., Chetty, K., & Smith, M. (2018). Home activity monitoring using low resolution infrared sensor array

Abstract. Action monitoring in a home environment provides important information for health monitoring and may serve as input into a smart home environment. Visual analysis using cameras can recognise actions in a complex scene, such as someones livi... Read More about Home activity monitoring using low resolution infrared sensor array.

Broad-leaf weed detection in pasture (2018)
Conference Proceeding
Zhang, W., Hansen, M. F., Volonakis, T. N., Smith, M., Smith, L., Wilson, J., …Wright, G. (2018). Broad-leaf weed detection in pasture.

Weed control in pasture is a challenging problem that can be expensive and environmentally unfriendly. This paper proposes a novel method for recognition of broad-leaf weeds in pasture such that precision weed control can be achieved with reduced her... Read More about Broad-leaf weed detection in pasture.

2D and 3D face analysis for ticketless rail travel (2018)
Conference Proceeding
Smith, L., Zhang, W., & Smith, M. L. (2018). 2D and 3D face analysis for ticketless rail travel. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, & Pattern Recognition. , (16-22)

Research is reported into the design, implementation and functionalities of a vision system that employs the human face as a biometric for enabling ticketless rail travel. The system has been developed to optimise performance in the relatively unstru... Read More about 2D and 3D face analysis for ticketless rail travel.

Multispectral contactless 3D handprint acquisition for identification (2018)
Presentation / Conference
Hansen, M. F., Smith, L., & Smith, M. (2018, July). Multispectral contactless 3D handprint acquisition for identification. Paper presented at The 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018 World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, & Applied Computing, Las Vegas, USA

We present and experimentally demonstrate the potential effectiveness of a photometric stereo based high resolution system for capturing 3D handprints using visible light sources. The sub-surface vascular structures are also enhanced through the use... Read More about Multispectral contactless 3D handprint acquisition for identification.

White paper - Agricultural Robotics: The Future of Robotic Agriculture (2018)
Other
Duckett, T., Pearson, S., Blackmore, S., Grieve, B., & Smith, M. (2018). White paper - Agricultural Robotics: The Future of Robotic Agriculture. 2018 International Robotics Showcase

Agri-Food is the largest manufacturing sector in the UK. It supports a food chain that generates over £108bn p.a., with 3.9m employees in a truly international industry and exports £20bn of UK manufactured goods. However, the global food chain is und... Read More about White paper - Agricultural Robotics: The Future of Robotic Agriculture.

Towards on-farm pig face recognition using convolutional neural networks (2018)
Journal Article
Baxter, E. M., Salter, M. G., Smith, L. N., Smith, M. L., Hansen, M. F., Hansen, M. F., …Grieve, B. (2018). Towards on-farm pig face recognition using convolutional neural networks. Computers in Industry, 98, 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.02.016

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Identification of individual livestock such as pigs and cows has become a pressing issue in recent years as intensification practices continue to be adopted and precise objective measurements are required (e.g. weight). Current b... Read More about Towards on-farm pig face recognition using convolutional neural networks.

Visual features based boosted classification of weeds for real-time selective herbicide sprayer systems (2018)
Journal Article
Jamil, A., Khan, M., Imran, A., Wakeel, A., Smith, M., Smith, L., …Irfan, M. (2018). Visual features based boosted classification of weeds for real-time selective herbicide sprayer systems. Computers in Industry, 98, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.02.005

© 2018 Recent years have shown enthusiastic research interest in weed classification for selective herbicide sprayer systems which are helpful in eradicating unwanted plants such as weeds from fields, minimizing the side effects of chemicals on the e... Read More about Visual features based boosted classification of weeds for real-time selective herbicide sprayer systems.

Vanishing point detection for visual surveillance systems in railway platform environments (2018)
Journal Article
Tarrit, K., Molleda, J., Atkinson, G. A., Smith, M. L., Wright, G. C., & Gaal, P. (2018). Vanishing point detection for visual surveillance systems in railway platform environments. Computers in Industry, 98, 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.03.005

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Visual surveillance is of paramount importance in public spaces and especially in train and metro platforms which are particularly susceptible to many types of crime from petty theft to terrorist activity. Image resolution of vis... Read More about Vanishing point detection for visual surveillance systems in railway platform environments.

A novel model and method based on Nash equilibrium for medical image segmentation (2018)
Journal Article
Zhang, T., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Smith, M., & Hancock, E. (2018). A novel model and method based on Nash equilibrium for medical image segmentation. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 8(5), 872-880

Accurate image segmentation is a very important task in medical image analysis as it can help us to better distinguish tumours from normal tissues. One of the important features of MRI images of glioma (a kind of brain tumour) is that the tumour shap... Read More about A novel model and method based on Nash equilibrium for medical image segmentation.

Innovative 3D and 2D machine vision methods for analysis of plants and crops in the field (2018)
Journal Article
Smith, L., Zhang, W., Hansen, M. F., Hales, I., & Smith, M. (2018). Innovative 3D and 2D machine vision methods for analysis of plants and crops in the field. Computers in Industry, 97, 122-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.02.002

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Machine vision systems offer great potential for automating crop control, harvesting, fruit picking, and a range of other agricultural tasks. However, most of the reported research on machine vision in agriculture involves a 2D a... Read More about Innovative 3D and 2D machine vision methods for analysis of plants and crops in the field.

Photometric stereo for three-dimensional leaf venation extraction (2018)
Journal Article
Zhang, W., Hansen, M. F., Smith, M., Smith, L., & Grieve, B. (2018). Photometric stereo for three-dimensional leaf venation extraction. Computers in Industry, 98, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.02.006

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Leaf venation extraction studies have been strongly discouraged by considerable challenges posed by venation architectures that are complex, diverse and subtle. Additionally, unpredictable local leaf curvatures, undesirable ambie... Read More about Photometric stereo for three-dimensional leaf venation extraction.

Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device (2018)
Journal Article
Hansen, M. F., Smith, M. L., Smith, L. N., Abdul Jabbar, K., & Forbes, D. (2018). Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device. Computers in Industry, 98, 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.02.011

© 2018 Here we propose a low-cost automated system for the unobtrusive and continuous welfare monitoring of dairy cattle on the farm. We argue that effective and regular monitoring of multiple condition traits is not currently practicable and go on t... Read More about Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device.

BRDF of human skin in the visible spectrum (2017)
Journal Article
Smith, M. L., Smith, L. N., Farooq, A. R., Sohaib, A., Farooq, A., Smith, L., …Broadbent, L. (2017). BRDF of human skin in the visible spectrum. Sensor Review, 37(4), 390-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/SR-11-2016-0258

© Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose - Significant research has been carried out in terms of development of new bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) instruments; however, there is still little research available regarding spectral... Read More about BRDF of human skin in the visible spectrum.

Photometric stereo technique suitability study for plant phenotyping (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Halliday, K., Smith, L., Hansen, M., Smith, M., Bernotas, G., Scorza, L., …Smith, M. (2017). Photometric stereo technique suitability study for plant phenotyping

The dynamic quantification of growth traits is critical for building accurate modelling tools to predict plant behaviour under different growth environments, and consequently in designing strategies to improve plant health and overall yields. We are... Read More about Photometric stereo technique suitability study for plant phenotyping.

Locomotion traits of dairy cows from overhead three-dimensional video (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Abdul Jabbar, K., Hansen, M. F., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2016, December). Locomotion traits of dairy cows from overhead three-dimensional video. Paper presented at Visual observation and analysis of Vertebrate And Insect Behavior (VAIB), 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Cancun, Mexico

We investigate two locomotion traits in dairy cows from overhead 3D video to observe lameness trends. Detecting lameness -particularly at an early stage- is important in order to allow early treatment which maximizes detection benefits. The proposed... Read More about Locomotion traits of dairy cows from overhead three-dimensional video.

Early and non-intrusive lameness detection in dairy cows using 3-dimensional video (2016)
Journal Article
Abdul Jabbar, K., Hansen, M. F., Smith, M. L., & Smith, L. N. (2017). Early and non-intrusive lameness detection in dairy cows using 3-dimensional video. Biosystems Engineering, 153, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.09.017

© 2016 IAgrE Lameness is a major issue in dairy herds and its early and automated detection offers animal welfare benefits together with potentially high commercial savings for farmers. Current advancements in automated detection have not achieved a... Read More about Early and non-intrusive lameness detection in dairy cows using 3-dimensional video.

Overhead spine arch analysis of dairy cows from three-dimensional video (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Abdul Jabbar, K., Hansen, M. F., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2016, October). Overhead spine arch analysis of dairy cows from three-dimensional video. Paper presented at Eighth International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing (ICGIP 2016), Tokyo, Japan

We present a spine arch analysis method in dairy cows using overhead 3D video data. This method is aimed for early stage lameness detection. That is important in order to allow early treatment; and thus, reduce the animal suffering and minimize the h... Read More about Overhead spine arch analysis of dairy cows from three-dimensional video.

Quadruped locomotion analysis using three-dimensional video (2016)
Presentation / Conference
Abdul Jabbar, K., Hansen, M. F., Smith, M., & Smith, L. (2016, October). Quadruped locomotion analysis using three-dimensional video. Paper presented at IEEE ICSAE Conference, Newcastle, UK

Abstract— To date, there has not been a single method suitable for large-scale or regular-basis implementation to analyze the locomotion of quadruped animals. Existing methods are not sensitive enough for detecting minor deviations from healthy gait... Read More about Quadruped locomotion analysis using three-dimensional video.