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All Outputs (3)

The policing of ‘county lines’ in affected import towns: Exploring local responses to evolving heroin and crack markets (2019)
Thesis
Spicer, J. The policing of ‘county lines’ in affected import towns: Exploring local responses to evolving heroin and crack markets. (Thesis). UWE. Retrieved from https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/1822537

Across the UK, markets for heroin and crack cocaine in provincial towns are evolving. Due to the high-profile drug market development termed ‘County Lines’, retail supply in many areas is now seemingly dominated by ‘out of town’ dealers who have esta... Read More about The policing of ‘county lines’ in affected import towns: Exploring local responses to evolving heroin and crack markets.

The variable and evolving nature of ‘cuckooing’ as a form of criminal exploitation in street level drug markets (2019)
Journal Article
Spicer, J., Moyle, L., & Coomber, R. (2020). The variable and evolving nature of ‘cuckooing’ as a form of criminal exploitation in street level drug markets. Trends in Organized Crime, 23, 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-019-09368-5

A form of criminal exploitation rarely mentioned in the academic literature has recently emerged, evolved and taken meaningful hold in the UK. Hundreds of cases of ‘cuckooing’ have been reported, where heroin and crack cocaine dealers associated with... Read More about The variable and evolving nature of ‘cuckooing’ as a form of criminal exploitation in street level drug markets.