All Outputs (32)

Measures of greenspace exposure and their association to health-related outcomes for the periods before and during 2020’s Lockdown: A cross-sectional study in the West of England (2023)
Journal Article
Fouad, A. Z., Sinnett, D., Bray, I., McClatchey, R., & Reece, R. (2023). Measures of greenspace exposure and their association to health-related outcomes for the periods before and during 2020’s Lockdown: A cross-sectional study in the West of England. Land,

Greenspaces are argued to be one of the important features in the urban environment that impact the health of the population. Previous research suggested either positive, negative or no associations between greenspaces and health-related outcomes. Th... Read More about Measures of greenspace exposure and their association to health-related outcomes for the periods before and during 2020’s Lockdown: A cross-sectional study in the West of England.

Coronavirus disease 2019 mortality: A multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution (2020)
Journal Article
Bray, I., Gibson, A., & White, J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 mortality: A multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution. Public Health, 185, 261-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.056

Background: There is emerging evidence about characteristics that may increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, but they are highly correlated. Methods: An ecological analysis was used to estimate associations between these... Read More about Coronavirus disease 2019 mortality: A multivariate ecological analysis in relation to ethnicity, population density, obesity, deprivation and pollution.

Family presence during resuscitation: Validation of the risk–benefit and self-confidence scales for student nurses (2016)
Journal Article
Bray, I., Kenny, G., Pontin, D., Williams, R., & Albarran, J. (2016). Family presence during resuscitation: Validation of the risk–benefit and self-confidence scales for student nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing, 21(4), 306-322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987116645838

© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. Background. There is increasing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of family-witnessed resuscitation. Research about the views of healthcare providers depends upon reliable tools to measure their perceptions.... Read More about Family presence during resuscitation: Validation of the risk–benefit and self-confidence scales for student nurses.

A randomised controlled trial comparing opt-in and opt-out home visits for tracing lost participants in a prospective birth cohort study (2015)
Journal Article
Bray, I., Noble, S., Boyd, A., Brown, L., Hayes, P., Malcolm, J., …Tilling, K. (2015). A randomised controlled trial comparing opt-in and opt-out home visits for tracing lost participants in a prospective birth cohort study. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 15(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-015-0041-y

© 2015 Bray et al. Background: Attrition is an important problem in cohort studies. Tracing cohort members who have moved or otherwise lost contact with the study is vital. There is some debate about the acceptability and relative effectiveness of op... Read More about A randomised controlled trial comparing opt-in and opt-out home visits for tracing lost participants in a prospective birth cohort study.

Ex-military personnel in the criminal justice system: A cross-sectional study (2013)
Journal Article
Bray, I., O'Malley, P., Ashcroft, S., Adedeji, L., & Spriggs, A. (2013). Ex-military personnel in the criminal justice system: A cross-sectional study. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 52(5), 516-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12027

The aim of this article is to estimate the proportion of Regular veterans in England and Wales who are in prison or supervised by a Probation Trust. A cross-sectional data linkage approach was taken, matching a database of Service leavers with prison... Read More about Ex-military personnel in the criminal justice system: A cross-sectional study.

Smoking prevalence amongst UK Armed Forces recruits: Changes in behaviour after 3 years follow-up and factors affecting smoking behaviour (2013)
Journal Article
Bray, I., Richardson, P., & Harrison, K. (2013). Smoking prevalence amongst UK Armed Forces recruits: Changes in behaviour after 3 years follow-up and factors affecting smoking behaviour. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 159(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2013-000009

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate smoking prevalence of Tri-Service recruits, and changes in smoking behaviour at 3-year follow-up, by trade group and gender. Associations with educational attainment and deprivation were also as... Read More about Smoking prevalence amongst UK Armed Forces recruits: Changes in behaviour after 3 years follow-up and factors affecting smoking behaviour.

A Fair Start? Child Mortality and Morbidity in the South West. (2010)
Other
Bray, I., Brown, P., Cooke, H., & Parker, L. (2010). A Fair Start? Child Mortality and Morbidity in the South West. Bristol, UK

Children in the South West region are, overall, healthier than their counterparts in other regions. However, many of the child deaths and much of the morbidity are potentially avoidable, suggesting that there is still considerable room for improv... Read More about A Fair Start? Child Mortality and Morbidity in the South West..

Self-harm in UK armed forces personnel: Descriptive and case-control study of general hospital presentations (2009)
Journal Article
Hawton, K., Harriss, L., Casey, D., Simkin, S., Harrison, K., Bray, I., & Blatchley, N. (2009). Self-harm in UK armed forces personnel: Descriptive and case-control study of general hospital presentations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(3), 266-272. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048595

Background Little is known about self-harm in the armed forces. Aims To investigate the characteristics of armed forces personnel presenting to a general hospital following self-harm and compare these with matched controls who had self-harmed. Method... Read More about Self-harm in UK armed forces personnel: Descriptive and case-control study of general hospital presentations.

Suicide after leaving the UK armed forces -A cohort study (2009)
Journal Article
Kaput, N., Kapur, N., While, D., Blatchley, N., Bray, I., & Harrison, K. (2009). Suicide after leaving the UK armed forces -A cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 6(3), 0269-0277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000026

Background Few studies have examined suicide risk in individuals once they have left the military. We aimed to investigate the rate, timing, and risk factors for suicide in all those who had left the UK Armed Forces (1996-2005). Methods and Findings... Read More about Suicide after leaving the UK armed forces -A cohort study.

An estimate of the veteran population in England: Based on data from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey (2009)
Journal Article
Woodhead, C., Sloggett, A., Bray, I., Bradbury, J., McManus, S., Meltzer, H., …Fear, N. (2009). An estimate of the veteran population in England: Based on data from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey. Population Trends -London-, 138(1), 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1057/pt.2009.47

BACKGROUND: The health and well-being of military veterans has recently generated much media and political interest. Estimating the current and future size of the veteran population is important to the planning and allocation of veteran support s... Read More about An estimate of the veteran population in England: Based on data from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey.

Residential exposure to electric power transmission lines and risk of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: A case-control study (2007)
Journal Article
Lowenthal, R. M., Tuck, D. M., & Bray, I. (2007). Residential exposure to electric power transmission lines and risk of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: A case-control study. Internal Medicine Journal, 37(9), 614-619. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01389.x

Background: Studies have shown an association between electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) or myeloproliferative disorders (MP... Read More about Residential exposure to electric power transmission lines and risk of lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders: A case-control study.

The operational emergency department attendance register (OPEDAR): a new epidemiological tool. (2007)
Journal Article
Russell, R., Hodgetts, T., Ollerton, J., Massetti, P., Skeet, J., Bray, I., & Harrison, K. (2007). The operational emergency department attendance register (OPEDAR): a new epidemiological tool. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 153(4), 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-153-04-06

AIM: To determine the number, status and nature of emergency department attendances to deployed field hospitals. POPULATION: All attendances to the emergency department (ED) of deployed field hospitals in support of Operation TELIC (Iraq) from initia... Read More about The operational emergency department attendance register (OPEDAR): a new epidemiological tool..

Advanced paternal age: How old is too old? (2006)
Journal Article
Smith, G. D., Bray, I., & Gunnell, D. (2006). Advanced paternal age: How old is too old?. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(10), 851-853. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2005.045179

Average paternal age in the UK is increasing. The public health implications of this trend have not been widely anticipated or debated. This commentary aims to contribute to such a debate. Accumulated chromosomal aberrations and mutations occurri... Read More about Advanced paternal age: How old is too old?.

Increase in schizophrenia incidence rates: Findings in a Canadian cohort born 1975-1985 (2006)
Journal Article
Bray, I., Waraich, P., Jones, W., Slater, S., Goldner, E. M., & Somers, J. (2006). Increase in schizophrenia incidence rates: Findings in a Canadian cohort born 1975-1985. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(8), 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0073-z

Background: Results from previous studies on the incidence rates for schizophrenia are inconsistent, with some showing a declining rate [e.g., Suvisaari et al. (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:733-740] and others showing an increasing rate [e.g., Boydel... Read More about Increase in schizophrenia incidence rates: Findings in a Canadian cohort born 1975-1985.

Suicide rates, life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health (2006)
Journal Article
Bray, I., & Gunnell, D. (2006). Suicide rates, life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(5), 333-337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0049-z

Objective: To examine the association of variables from survey data on well-being with suicide rates and other markers of population mental health in Europe. Design: Ecological study correlating (Spearman's rank correlation) life satisfaction and hap... Read More about Suicide rates, life satisfaction and happiness as markers for population mental health.

Relationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countries (2006)
Journal Article
Reseland, S., Bray, I., & Gunnell, D. (2006). Relationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countries. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(4), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.4.354

Background: The effect of recent increases in antidepressant prescribing on population suicide rates is uncertain. Aims: To investigate the relationship between antidepressant sales and trends in suicide rates. Method: Graphical and quantitative asse... Read More about Relationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countries.

Associations of childhood and adulthood height and the components of height with insulin-like growth factor levels in adulthood: A 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort (2006)
Journal Article
Martin, R. M., Holly, J. M., Bray, I., Gunnell, D., Middleton, N., & Smith, G. D. (2006). Associations of childhood and adulthood height and the components of height with insulin-like growth factor levels in adulthood: A 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91(4), 1382-1389. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1722

Context: Taller individuals with longer legs have a higher risk of cancer but a lower risk of coronary heart disease. Objective: We investigated whether childhood height and its components are associated with the IGF system in adulthood. Design and P... Read More about Associations of childhood and adulthood height and the components of height with insulin-like growth factor levels in adulthood: A 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort.

Bayesian projections: What are the effects of excluding data from younger age groups? (2005)
Journal Article
Baker, A., & Bray, I. (2005). Bayesian projections: What are the effects of excluding data from younger age groups?. American Journal of Epidemiology, 162(8), 798-805. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi273

Bayesian age-period-cohort models are used increasingly to project cancer incidence and mortality rates. Data for younger age groups for which rates are low are often discarded from the analysis. The authors explored the effect of excluding these dat... Read More about Bayesian projections: What are the effects of excluding data from younger age groups?.

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Devon: A comparison of the new and old classification criteria (2004)
Journal Article
Fox, C. M., Bensa, S., Bray, I., & Zajicek, J. P. (2004). The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Devon: A comparison of the new and old classification criteria. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 75(1), 56-60

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Devon and compare the new McDonald classification guidelines with the Poser criteria currently used. METHODS: All patients known to have multiple sclerosis and alive and resi... Read More about The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Devon: A comparison of the new and old classification criteria.

A mixture model for rounded data (2003)
Journal Article
Wright, D. E., & Bray, I. (2003). A mixture model for rounded data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D, 52(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9884.00338

The paper focuses on the problem of data heaping that arises when measurements are recorded to varying degrees of precision. The work is motivated by an application in foetal medicine where measurements obtained from ultrasound images are rounded to... Read More about A mixture model for rounded data.