Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

All Outputs (14)

The inadvertently revealing statistic: A systemic gap in statistical training? (2024)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Green, E., Ritchie, F., Smith, J., & White, P. (2024). The inadvertently revealing statistic: A systemic gap in statistical training?. Significance, 21(1), 24-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrssig/qmae009

While concerns around data privacy are well-known, there's a lack of awareness and training when it comes to the confidentiality risk of published statistics, argue Ben Derrick, Elizabeth Green, Felix Ritchie, Jim Smith, Paul White

Review of the partially overlapping samples framework: Paired observations and independent observations in two samples (2022)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., & White, P. (2022). Review of the partially overlapping samples framework: Paired observations and independent observations in two samples. Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 18(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.18.1.p055

A frequently asked question in quantitative research is how to compare two samples that include some combination of paired observations and unpaired observations. In our publications and R package, we refer to the scenario as ‘partially overlapping... Read More about Review of the partially overlapping samples framework: Paired observations and independent observations in two samples.

Ordinal Logistic Regression as an alternative analysis strategy for the comparison of two independent samples (2021)
Journal Article
Bilski, B., Derrick, B., Toher, D., & White, P. (2021). Ordinal Logistic Regression as an alternative analysis strategy for the comparison of two independent samples. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 16(3),

The two group between subjects design is pervasive with analyses often performed using the Mann Whitney Rank Sum test or using the Welch variant of the t-test. Using simulation it is shown that a dummy variable ordinal logistic regression (OLR) mode... Read More about Ordinal Logistic Regression as an alternative analysis strategy for the comparison of two independent samples.

Preliminary testing: The devil of statistics? (2019)
Journal Article
Pearce, J., & Derrick, B. (2019). Preliminary testing: The devil of statistics?. Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research, 12(2), https://doi.org/10.31273/reinvention.v12i2.339

In quantitative research, the selection of the most appropriate statistical test for the comparison of two-independent samples can be problematic. There is a lack of consensus in the Statistics community regarding the appropriate approach; particular... Read More about Preliminary testing: The devil of statistics?.

Parametric and non-parametric tests for the comparison of two samples which both include paired and unpaired observations (2019)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., White, P., & Toher, D. (2019). Parametric and non-parametric tests for the comparison of two samples which both include paired and unpaired observations. Journal of modern applied statistical methods : JMASM, 18(1), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1556669520

Samples that include both independent and paired observations cause a dilemma for researchers that covers the full breadth of empirical research. Parametric approaches for the comparison of two samples using all available observations are considered,... Read More about Parametric and non-parametric tests for the comparison of two samples which both include paired and unpaired observations.

Tests for equality of variances between two samples which contain both paired observations and independent observations (2018)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Ruck, A., Toher, D., & White, P. (2018). Tests for equality of variances between two samples which contain both paired observations and independent observations. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 13(2),

Tests for equality of variances between two samples which contain both paired observations and independent observations are explored using simulation. New solutions which make use of all of the available data are put forward. These new approaches are... Read More about Tests for equality of variances between two samples which contain both paired observations and independent observations.

The impact of an extreme observation in a paired samples design (2017)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Broad, A., Toher, D., & White, P. (2017). The impact of an extreme observation in a paired samples design

The effect of systematically altering the value of a single observation within a paired differences design is considered. A paradox is observed for the paired samples t-test, where increasing the value of an observation in the direction of the true m... Read More about The impact of an extreme observation in a paired samples design.

Test statistics for the comparison of means for two samples that include both paired and independent observations (2017)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Russ, B., Toher, D., & White, P. (2017). Test statistics for the comparison of means for two samples that include both paired and independent observations. Journal of modern applied statistical methods : JMASM, 16(1), 137-157. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1493597280

©2017 JMASM, Inc. Standard approaches for analyzing the difference in two means, where partially overlapping samples are present, are less than desirable. Here are introduced two test statistics, making reference to the t-distribution. It is shown th... Read More about Test statistics for the comparison of means for two samples that include both paired and independent observations.

How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations: A companion to Derrick, Russ, Toher and White (2017) (2017)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Toher, D., & White, P. (2017). How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations: A companion to Derrick, Russ, Toher and White (2017). Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 13(2), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.13.2.p120

Standard approaches for comparing the means of two samples, comprising both paired observations and independent observations, involve the discarding of valuable information. An alternative test which uses all of the available data, is the partially o... Read More about How to compare the means of two samples that include paired observations and independent observations: A companion to Derrick, Russ, Toher and White (2017).

Why Welch’s test is Type I error robust (2016)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Toher, D., & White, P. (2016). Why Welch’s test is Type I error robust. Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 12(1), 30-38

The comparison of two means is one of the most commonly applied statistical procedures in psychology. The independent samples t-test corrected for unequal variances is commonly known as Welch’s test, and is widely considered to be a robust alternativ... Read More about Why Welch’s test is Type I error robust.

Test statistics for comparing two proportions with partially overlapping samples (2015)
Journal Article
Derrick, B., Dobson-Mckittrick, A., Toher, D., & White, P. (2015). Test statistics for comparing two proportions with partially overlapping samples. Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, 10(3),

Standard tests for comparing two sample proportions of a dichotomous dependent variable where there is a combination of paired and unpaired samples are considered. Four new tests are introduced and compared against standard tests and an alternative p... Read More about Test statistics for comparing two proportions with partially overlapping samples.

An inverse normal transformation solution for the comparison of two samples that contain both paired observations and independent observations
Journal Article
Derrick, B., White, P., & Toher, D. An inverse normal transformation solution for the comparison of two samples that contain both paired observations and independent observations

Inverse normal transformations applied to the partially overlapping samples t-tests by Derrick et.al. (2017) are considered for their Type I error robustness and power. The inverse normal transformation solutions proposed in this paper are shown to m... Read More about An inverse normal transformation solution for the comparison of two samples that contain both paired observations and independent observations.