Imagining Contagion: Epidemic, Prisons, and Franco Spain's Politics of Space, 1936–1945

Richards, Michael

Abstract

Recent accounting for disease in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War has been contained within study of hunger in the early 1940s. Historians have cited the typhus epidemic which hit Spain between 1939 and 1945 as demonstrating a causal link between widespread semi-starvation and disease. Though important, the focus on hunger risks losing sight of other vital elements in the onset and transmission of typhus, however, as well as the way the epidemic's progress sheds light on population movement as central to the broader social history of the war and its aftermath. By paying close attention to epidemiological records, this article argues that the direct causes of typhus and its vertiginous spread were primarily ideological and spatial. It shows first how the war's victors used the language of political and bacterial contagion to claim spuriously that the wartime Republic was responsible for the epidemic. It then demonstrates how the intense confinement on a huge scale of those linked to the Republic was at the root of the disease. Transmission depended on this mass imprisonment and on the increased circulation of families to support those in captivity. Finally, typhus influenced the social imagination of the Franco regime and its anxiety about hygiene, prisons, and control of the movement of the urban poor.

Citation

Richards, M. (2024). Imagining Contagion: Epidemic, Prisons, and Franco Spain's Politics of Space, 1936–1945. European History Quarterly, 54(1), 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216874

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 14, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Dec 28, 2023
• Publication Date: Jan 31, 2024
• Deposit Date: Sep 6, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 29, 2024
• Journal: European History Quarterly
• Print ISSN: 0265-6914
• Electronic ISSN: 1461-7110
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 54
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 53-72
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231216874
• Keywords: History, Cultural Studies
• Public URL: https://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/output/9950405